Valerate, determination

Batista IV, Lanza MRV, Dias ILT, Tanaka SMCN, Tanaka AA, Sotomayor MDPT (2008) Electrochemical sensor highly selective for estradiol valerate determination based on a modified carbon paste with iron tetrapyridinoporphyrazine. Analyst 133 1692-1699... 

Valerate, determination of 60-65 Vanadium, determination of 151, 228 yl chloride, determination of 350 Volatile organic compounds, determination of 112... 

The Derivative, 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine, contains a 5-carbon cadaverine spacer group attached to the valeric acid side chain of biotin (Thermo Fisher). The compound can be used in a carbodi-imide reaction process to label carboxylate groups in proteins and other molecules, forming amide bond linkages (Chapter 3, Section 1). However, the main use of this biotinylation reagent is in the determination of factor XHIa or transglutaminase enzymes in plasma, cell, or tissue extracts. 

Xiao-Hua Yang et al. [ 1 ] determined nanomolar concentrations of individual low molecular weight carboxylic acids (and amines) in seawater. Diffusion of the acids across a hydrophobic membrane was used to concentrate and separate carboxylic acids from inorganic salts and most other organic compounds prior to the application of ion chromatography. Acetic propionic acid, butyric-1 acid, butyric-2 acid, valeric and pyruvic acid, acrylic acid and benzoic acid were all found in reasonable concentrations in seawater. 

Determination of glucocorticoids by HPLC m. Application to ointments a cream containing cortisone acetate, dexamethasone acetate, fluorometholone and betamethasone valerate. (167)... 

The caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids purchased from die Hormel Institute were of high purity (-—99% ) as determined by gas chromatographic analysis (GLC). Eastman caprylic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids of equivalent purity (GLC) were also used. The butyric, valeric, and caproic acids were obtained from T. T. Baker Chemical Co. analysis (GLC) showed them to be of 99, 97/4, and 99.3% purity, respectively. 

For each sample type, a literature review must be done prior to analysis to determine the appropriate organic acids and their concentrations. Typical acids include acetic, butyric, citric, formic, hippuric, isobutyric, isovaleric, lactic, malic, oxalic, phenylacetic, propionic, pyruvic, tartaric, uric, and valeric acids. The recipe for organic acid standard solutions (see Reagents and Solutions) describes standards that can be used for a number of fruit juices. 

Dissociation constants were determined from their inhibition of the reaction between HSA and p-nitrophenyl acetate as determined in pH 7.4, 0.03M triethanolamine / HCl at 25° C. Nonpolar surface areas were calculated according to Hermann (48/ The carboxylate ions are as follows (1) butyrate (2) valerate (3) hexanoate (4) heptanoate (5) octanoate (6) nonanoate (7) decanoate (8) undecanoate (9) dodecanoate (10) cyclohexanecarboxylate (11) 1-methyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylate (12) cyclohexylacetate (13) 2-n-propylvalerate and... 

O Phenyl valerate is a colourless liquid that is used as a flavour and odorant. It contains 74.13% carbon, 7.92% hydrogen and 17.95% oxygen by mass. Determine the empirical formula of phenyl valerate. 

Fig. 10.7 illustrates the results from the determination of the expansion ratio and lifetime of a foam from saponin + NaDoBS and valeric acid + NaDoBS mixtures. In all experiments the sulphonate concentration was 8.63-10 4 mol dm 3 (0.3 g dm 3). With the increase in the acid content, the stability of a foam from valeric acid-NaDoBS mixture monotonously decreases. At the components ratio 20 1 the expansion ratio passes through a... 

Indrayanto, G. Widjaja, S. Sutiono, S. Simultaneous den-sitometric determination of betamathasone valerate and miconazole nitrate in cream, and its validation. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 1999, 22, 143-152. 

Larval bioassays to determine pyrethroid resistance status in the test insects were similar to those recommended by the Entomological Society of America (Anon.. 1970) Technical grade insecticide was dissolved in acetone and five serially diluted concentrations prepared- For each concentration, ien 3rd instar larvae (30-40 mg) were treated with l pL of solution applied by mieroappliea-tor or micro pipette to the dorsal thorax. Each test was replicated three times and every replicate included are tone-treated controls which confirmed no control mortality. Synergists PBO and profenofos were applied 30 minutes before the fen valerate at 10, and 0.1 pg per larva, respectively (Gunning er a/., 1991). After dosage, the larvae were held individually at 25 1DC with adequate food. Mortality was assessed 4ft hours after treatment. Larvae were considered dead if unable to move in a coordinated way when prodded with a blunt probe. The data were analysed by probil, and resistance factors calculated as the ratio of resistant LDW to susceptible LD. ... 

NTE is an integral membrane protein in neurons and some non-neural cell types of vertebrates [3,27,32] and its activity depends on lipid contents. It is present in all neurons, but is absent from glia [32], NTE can hydrolyze many esters of carboxylic acids. NTE is conveniently detected in vitro by its ability to catalyse OP-sensitive hydrolysis of an artificial substrate, phenyl valerate. Its activity is operationally defined as phenyl valerate hydrolysis resistant to inhibition by 0,0-diethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon, non-neuropathic) and sensitive to inhibition by NJ T-diisopropyl phosphorodiamidic fluoride (mipafox, neuropathic), determined under specified conditions [3]. Differential centrifugation of brain homogenates resulted in an enrichment of NTE in microsomal fractions containing elements of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Goldgi, and plasma membrane [39],... 

Measurement of NTE activity has classically been done by colorimetric determination of phenol released by hydrolysis of the substrate, phenyl valerate [89,90]. The absorbance maximum of the red phenol chromophore overlaps substantially with that of whole blood homogenates and dilution of the blood to remove the interfering absorbance decreases NTE activity below the detection limit of the colorimetric assay [88], Thus, the colorimetric assay cannot be used to assay NTE in whole blood. The problems inherent in a colorimetric NTE assay can be eliminated by using an amperometric technique to detect phenol. 

In the case of ester derivatives the degree of esterification (i.e., mono or diesters) and the size of the esterifying acid helps to determine the extent of lipophilicity of the product. Thus betamethasone 17-valerate (Table 14-1) would be expected to be more soluble in CHC13 (1 2) than the 21 -acetate (1 16), which in turn is more lipid soluble than the alcohol (1 325). Topical antiinflammatory potency parallels such values. 

The polymer composition and the sequence of the comonomers can be determined by HNMR as demonstrated in the analysis of the aromatic-aliphatic homopolymers [52], The aliphatic-aromatic diacids can be connected in a polymer in three ways, aliphatic moiety to aliphatic moiety, aliphatic to aromatic, and aromatic to aromatic moieties. The HNMR spectra of the carboxyphenoxy valerate (CPV) diacetate prepolymer and polymer are shown in Fig. 7. The methylenic protons of the aliphatic residue conjugated to the anhydride bond in the polymer appeared as two triplets (e) at 2.54 ppm and 2.72 ppm chemical shifts. The aromatic protons ortho to the anhydride bond appeared in two chemical shifts (a), a doublet at 7.90 ppm and at 8.10 ppm. The peaks at 2.72 and 8.10 were not observed in the spectrum of the prepolymer (Fig. 7). These peaks were explained by a chemical shift effect across the anhydride bond, affecting the absorbancies of the a-protons to the anhydride bond. These peaks were attributed to the three types of anhydrides present in the polymen the 2.54 ppm signal corresponds to the aliphatic-aliphatic anhydride bond, 2.72 ppm to aliphatic-aromatic, and 8.10 ppm to aromatic-aromatic anhydride bonds. Examination of the integration of these peaks revealed a ratio of 1 2 1, aliphatic-aliphatic, aliphatic-aromatic, and aromatic-aromatic moieties. This ratio implies an equal statistical distribution of alternating aromatic-aromatic and aliphatic-aliphatic units throughout the polymer backbone [52]. 

Suint Suint is that portion of the sheep s fleece which is sol in cold water after the wax has been removed. It is a complex mixture of metallic ions organic acids, pep -tides, weak bases, neutral subatanoes, and inorganic cations. The following acids have been identified acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, oxalic, succinic and glutaric. Paper chro -matography indicates the presence of adipic and pimelic acids Deane, Truter, Biochim Biophys. Acta I8t 435 (1955) J. Chem Sac. 1959, 2746- Determination of ion content Mohsin Shah. Pak J. Set Ind. Res. 12, 286 (1970) C.A. 73, 4778q (1970). 

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