Ketones aliphatic

Good yields are usually obtained with aromatic aldehydes or ketones. Aliphatic aldehydes are poor substrates for the ordinary procedure, but react much better if the halo ester is first deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in tetrahydrofuran at -78 °C, prior to addition of the aldehyde. 

An antipolymerization agent such as hydroquinone may be added to the reaction mixture to inhibit the polymerization of the maleate or fumarate compound under the reaction conditions. This reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature within the range of 20°C to 150°C. This reaction is preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure. Reaction time of 16 to 24 hours have bean specified for this reaction by J.T. Cassaday. The reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent such as the low molecular weight aliphatic monohydric alcohols, ketones, aliphatic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons or trialkyl phosphates. 

Nonstabilized a-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue is utilized in the printing industry, to a certain extent in oil-based binder systems, such as offset printing inks for packaging and metal deco printing. Under standard conditions, P.B.15 is stable to a variety of organic solvents, such as alcohols, esters, ketones, aliphatic hydrocar-... 

Accordingly, ATH is a versatile method for the enantioselective reduction of prochiral aromatic ketones. Aliphatic unconjugated ketones, however, are only reduced in poor to moderate enantioselec-tivities up to date (33-36). 

Variations on this theme include the use of acrolein/ammonia (72GEP2224160) and acrolein/acetaldehyde/ammonia (64BRP963887,69BRP1141526). Ketones can also be utilized. For example, 2,6-dimethylpyridine is obtained in 36% yield from combination of for-malin/acetone/ammonia (71GEP2064397) (Scheme 3). This general reaction has recently been extended to include the preparation of 2,6-disubstituted (78BEP858390) and 2,3-disubstituted (78GEP2712694) pyridines from aromatic or heteroaromatic ketones/aliphatic aldehydes and ammonia. 

Benzo[6]thiophene aldehydes have been condensed with a variety of active methylene compounds, including cyclic511, 644 and open-chain645-647 ketones, aliphatic aldehydes,90 benzyl cyanides,93-436 malononitrile,487 rhodanine,144,648 hippuric acid,477 barbituric acid,487 diethyl malonate,487 and malonic acid (Section VI,M). Aliphatic nitro compounds condense smoothly with most benzo[6]-thiophene aldehydes03,141,337,343, 556,640,650 (except 5-hydroxy- and... 

The use of the following constituents is described in Ref.5) water, glycerol (or its solution), wax solution in water-soluble ketones, aliphatic (stearic) alcohol and ethanol mixtures, urea-formaldehyde solution, aqueous solutions of urea, vinacryl, impregnating urea-formaldehyde resin, polyoxyethylene, etc. 

Cellulose ester Esters, ketones Aliphatic hydrocarbons... 

BTI is suitable for the direct hydroxylation of ketones. Aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic ketones in acetonitrile-water and trifluoroacetic acid afforded a-hydroxymethyl ketones (in the range of 70%), whereas a-methylene ketones, such as propiophenone, gave less satisfactory yields. 

H-Bond Acceptor (HBA) Acyl chlorides Acyl fluorides Hetero nitrogen aromatics Hetero oxygen aromatics Tertiary amides Tertiary amines Other nitriles Other nitros Isocyanates Peroxides Aldehydes Anhydrides Cyclo ketones Aliphatic ketones Esters Ethers Aromatic esters Aromatic nitriles Aromatic ethers Sulfones Sulfolanes... 

Tetracosane Phenyl cyclohexane Benzophenone Methyl stearate Lindane (152.2) C24H50 (338.7) C12H16 (160.3) C13H10O (182.2) C19H38O2 (298.5) CgHgClg (290.8) Hydrocarbon Aromatic hydrocarbon Aromatic ketone Aliphatic ester Halogenated hydrocarbon Non-volatile, non-polar, solid Non-volatile, non-polar, liquid Non-volatile, polar, solid Non-volatile, polar, solid Non-volatile, medium-polar, solid Surrogate for limonene Hazardous compound, should be substituted... 

Many water-insoluble ketones, aliphatic, aryl aliphatic, and heterocyclic, respond favorably to treatment with ammonium formate or formamide to form with subsequent hydrolysis the primary amines. A typical procedure for the synthesis of a-phenylethylamine (66%) from acetophenone and ammonium formate has been applied to many other ketones (65-84%). Nuclear alkoxyl, halo, and nitro groups are not disturbed. The reaction with formamide as the reducing agent is catalyzed by ammonium formate, ammonium sulfate, or magnesium chloride. ... 

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