Vaccine allergic reactions

The most frequent adverse effect associated with TIV is soreness at the injection site that lasts for less than 48 hours. TIV may cause fever and malaise in those who have not previously been exposed to the viral antigens in the vaccine. Allergic-type reactions (hives, systemic anaphylaxis) rarely occur after influenza vaccination and are likely a result of a reaction to residual egg protein in the vaccine. 

Combating infectious diseases (viral, protozoal, fungal, bacterial, helminthic) Anti-cancer agent Alleviating allergic reactions Vaccine adjuvant... 

Sakaguchi, M. and Inouye, S. 2000. Systemic allergic reactions to gelatin included in vaccines as a stabilizer. Jpn J Infect Dis 53 189-195. 

Determine possible contraindications or previous allergic reactions to vaccine/prophylactic medication components. 

In Japan, children who had immediate-type allergic reactions to Japanese encephalitis vaccine had antigelatin IgE in their sera. However, the immunological mechanism of non-immediate-type allergic reactions that consist of cutaneous signs developing several hours or more after Japanese encephalitis immunization is not yet clear. Serum samples taken from 28 children who had non-immediate-type allergic skin reactions have been compared with serum samples taken from 10 children who had immediate-type reactions (13). All the children who... 

LYMErix safety data reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 21 December 1998 to 31 October 2000 mentioned reports of adverse events associated with Lyme vaccine in prelicensure trials, including injection site reactions, transient arthralgia and myalgia within 30 days of vaccination, fever, and a flu-like illness (7). Allergic reactions were reported to the VAERS and some could have plausibly been linked to the vaccine because of the short latency between vaccination and reaction onset. No clear patterns in age, sex, time to onset, or vaccine dose were identified, although the unexpected predominance of reports of arthrosis in men might warrant further consideration. 

There is a controversy about the safety of MMR vaccine in children with adverse reactions to egg. Investigating the vaccine produced by Merck Sharpe Dohme (virus grown in chicken fibroblasts), some did not detect egg protein (126). However, using a competitive ELISA others detected 74 pg of ovalbumin per ml of the MMR vaccine produced by MSD (127). This extremely low amount of ovalbumin appears to be unlikely to provoke allergic reactions. The results of a study carried out in 15 children with egg-positive skin results confirmed the view that the MMR vaccine does not contain enough egg protein to cause reactions (128). 

Moraten vaccine, Berna (virus grown in human fibroblast cultures and therefore certainly ovalbumin-free) was given to a 2-year-old boy with atopic dermatitis (129). The skin tests were positive to cow s milk and egg. Within a few minutes after the receipt of the vaccine, the child developed severe dyspnea, rhino-conjunctivitis, and lip cyanosis he was successfully treated for an acute anaphylactic reaction. The case seems to demonstrate that the very rare allergic reactions after the administration of measles and MMR vaccines could be due to causes other than egg protein. 

Data on adverse events reported to a passive provincial surveillance system have been evaluated after the mass immunization with a polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine of 1 198 751 people aged 6 months to 20 years in Quebec. A total of 118 reports of severe adverse events were selected. The most frequent were allergic reactions (9.2 per 100 000 doses), followed by few neurological reactions (0.5 per 100 000 doses) and very few anaphylactic reactions (0.1 per 100 000 doses). There were no reports of long-lasting sequelae or of encephalopathy, encephalitis, or meningitis (15). 

Serious allergic reactions were reported in 18 patients after the use of a Japanese encephalitis vaccine containing thiomersal (51). Reactions in 15 patients were thought to be related to the product 13 had urticaria affecting the whole body, one had erythema multiforme, and one had a rash. Fourteen reactions arose after the second... 

An allergic reaction has been described to 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (17). 

Most patients present initially with edema, frequently acute in onset, following a nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection, allergic reaction, or vaccinations, which might have activated the T lymphocytes. Nephrotic syndrome with massive proteinuria (substantially more than 40 mg/m per hour for children and 3 g/day for adults), edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia is common. The patient s weight may be increased dramatically because of sodium and fluid retention. Nephrotic features such as gross hematuria are uncommon. However, microscopic hematuria may be seen in up to 20% to 25% of patients. Hypertension and decreased renal function are uncommon in children but are more common in older adults. In some patients, volume depletion may result in mild to moderate azotemia. 

In the past, about 1,000 people for every 1 million people vaccinated for the first time experienced reactions that, while not life-threatening, were serious. These reactions included a toxic or allergic reaction at the site of the vaccination (eiythema multiforme), spread of the vaccinia virus to other parts of the body and to other individuals (inadvertent inoculation), and spread of the vaccinia virus to other parts of the body through the blood (generalized vaccinia). These types of reactions may require medical attention. In the past, between 14 and 52 people out of every 1 million people vaccinated for the first time experienced potentially life-threatening reactions to the vaccine. Based on past experience, it is estimated that 1 or 2 people in 1 million who receive the vaccine may die as a result. Careful screening of potential vaccine recipients is essential to ensure that those at increased risk do not receive the vaccine. 

Pelner L (1959) Allergic reaction to poliomyelitis vaccine probably due to penicilHn. N Eng J Med 260 230... 

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