Hematuria, gross

Upper and lower urinary tract infection, urosepsis, urinary incontinence refractory urinary retentions chronic, renal failure, bladder diverticuli, bladder stones, or recurrent gross hematuria. 

Gross hematuria Possible bladder or other genitourinary cancer... 

HbAS) Females may have frequent urinary tract infections Microscopic hematuria occurs rarely Gross hematuria can occur spontaneously or with heavy intensity exercise Normal Hgb values... 

Dysuria, suprapubic heaviness, gross hematuria, urinary frequency, and nocturia... 

Rare painless hematuria normal Hb level heavy exercise under extreme conditions may provoke gross hematuria and complications Pain crises, microvascular disruption of organs (spleen, liver, bone marrow, kidney, brain, and lung), gallstone, priapism, leg ulcers, anemia (Hb 7-10 g/dL) Painless hematuria and rare aseptic necrosis of bone vasoocclusive crises are less common and occur later in life other complications are ocular disease and pregnancy-related problems mild anemia (Hb 10-12 g/dL)... 

Monitoring When indicated, monitor drug toxicity or efficacy through urinalysis. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, discontinue the drug if unexplained gross hematuria or persistent microscopic hematuria develops. Perform liver function tests and an annual x-ray for renal stones. 

GL/- White cells in urine proteinuria microscopic or gross hematuria nonspecific urogenital findings abnormal menses glomerulonephritis. 

A 24-year-old man took 4 g of amoxapine and developed gross hematuria and a high serum uric acid concentration on the second day of hospitalization (15). As in previously reported cases, serum creatine phosphokinase was grossly raised. The patient remained obtunded and stuporose for 7 days but eventually recovered. 

An 11-year-old boy developed acute dysuria and increased frequency accompanied by gross hematuria. He was taking fluoxetine, valproic acid, benzatropine, haloperidol, clonidine, trazodone, and nasal desmopressin. One week before presentation, risperidone had been introduced instead of haloperidol to improve behavioral control. The risperidone was discontinued and haloperidol resumed, and his symptoms resolved during the following week. 

In a reported episode of occupational exposnre to chlordimeform, several workers developed hematuria. Hemorrhagic cystitis, probably due to chlorani-line biodegradation products, was the source of the blood in the nrine. Symptoms reported by the affected workers were gross blood in the nrine, painful urination, nrinary frequency and urgency, penile discharge, abdominal and back pain, a generalized "hot" sensation, sleepiness, skin rash and desqnamation, a sweet taste, and anorexia. Symptoms persisted for 2-8 weeks after exposure was terminated. 

Intravenous dimethylsulfoxide poses the greatest problems and causes transient systemic hemolysis with hemoglobinuria, but without gross hematuria. The hemolysis is dose-dependent and appears within several minutes after infusions of dimethylsulfoxide 20-40% (11). There was no evidence of kidney damage because of handling higher amounts of hemoglobin after hemolysis. 

A 49-year-old man with resistant rheumatoid arthritis took leflunomide 100 mg/day for 3 days. His international normalized ratio (INR) had been stable for 1 year while he was taking warfarin, and 2 days before starting treatment with leflunomide it was 3.4. After he took the second dose of leflunomide, he developed gross hematuria. His INR had risen to 11, and warfarin was withdrawn. The hematuria resolved spontaneously several hours later, but his INR remained raised for the next 2 days, even though he had stopped taking warfarin. He was given intravenous vitamin K 1 mg on the third day, and 12 hours later the INR fell to 1.9. 

An 11-year-old boy developed acute dysuria and increased frequency accompanied by gross hematuria. He was taking fluoxetine, valproic acid, benzatropine. 

Data from the decade of 1940-1950 reviewed by Simon et al [7]in 1990 indicate an incidence of crystalluria of 0.4 to 49%, hematuria (with or without flank pain) of 1 to 32%, oliguria, anuria, or azotemia of 0.4 to 29%, and renal stones of 0.4 to 20%, for an overall incidence of renal toxicity (excluding crystals) between 1 and 32%. For a number of reasons detailed elsewhere [7], these early data are difficult to assess. However, even with the use of preventive measures such as urine alkahnization, renal toxicity was 2% [7], and the incidence of gross hematuria and microscopic hematuria despite high fluid intake were 2-3% and 24%,... 

The clinical circumstances that lead to chronic "analgesic abuse" nephropathy [111] are quite distinct to the rare occurrence of acute papillary necrosis associated with exposure of fhe patient to a single NSAID and often with only a short period of drug exposure. In these acute circumstances, the patient will typically present clinically with gross hematuria and may have flank pain suggestive of ureteric obstruction consequent to the passage of a sloughed papilla. 

In addition to the cardiovascular and respiratory effects identified in animal studies, severe hemorrhagic cystitis, gross hematuria, proteinuria, swollen liver, decreased appetite, fatigue, vertigo, and dermatitis have been reported in humans following exposure to chlordimeform. 

ADPKD families haye a strong family history of intracranial artery aneurysm rupture. Hypertension is an early and frequent manifestation and gross hematuria is a common presenting symptom. 

Most patients present initially with edema, frequently acute in onset, following a nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection, allergic reaction, or vaccinations, which might have activated the T lymphocytes. Nephrotic syndrome with massive proteinuria (substantially more than 40 mg/m per hour for children and 3 g/day for adults), edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia is common. The patient s weight may be increased dramatically because of sodium and fluid retention. Nephrotic features such as gross hematuria are uncommon. However, microscopic hematuria may be seen in up to 20% to 25% of patients. Hypertension and decreased renal function are uncommon in children but are more common in older adults. In some patients, volume depletion may result in mild to moderate azotemia. 

In addition to heavy proteinuria, urinalysis often reveals lipiduria and oval fat bodies. Microhematuria is seen in fewer than 25% of patients, and gross hematuria and red cell casts are rare. In idiopathic membranous nephropathy, the serum complement concentrations are normal. Low levels of complement should alert one to search for secondary causes, such as lupus, hepatitis B infection, or an alterna-... 

Gross hematuria when tissue growth exceeds its blood supply Overflow urinary incontinence or unstable bladder Recurrent urinary tract infection that results from urinary stasis Bladder diverticula Bladder stones... 

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