Utah coals

UTAH COAL FOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ENERGY CONSUMPTION. (1976) (Sponsor Scalfe Family Charitable Trust)... 

C. J., "Analyzing Syncrude from Utah Coal, Bartlesville Energy Research Center, BERC RI-75/7, 1975. 

Heavy oils derived from petroleum were separated by using the method developed by the USBM-API (5) Project 60 and analyzed by means of mass spectroscopy. The procedure used for separation and characterization of petroleum heavy oil was adopted to study heavy oil from coal liquids derived from Char-Oil-Energy-Development (COED) Syncrude from Utah coal (6) and western Kentucky coal (7) and Synthoil from West Virginia coal (i, 8). 

Heavy Oil Preparation and Separation. Hydrogenation of Hiawatha, Utah, coal [C 72.0 H 5.6 N 1.7 S 0.90 O 19.8 dry, ash-free (DAF) %] was performed at a reaction temperature of 510°C and 12.4-MPa hydrogen pressure with ZnCl2 impregnated on the coal as catalyst in an entrained-flow, tubular coil reactor (10). The reaction products were trapped in three reservoirs connected to the reactor in series and were separated according to their condensability. Heavy-oil products collected in the first reservoir, nearest to the reactor, were used in this study. 

Production of Low Sulfur Fuel Oils from Utah Coals... 

The coal tested was a high volatile B Utah coal from the Orangeville, Carbon County area. Typical proximate and ultimate analyses of coal from this area are listed in Table I. The coal was dried, ball-milled, and screened to —200 mesh for these tests. The moisture as used in the tests was less than 1%. 

Sulfur emissions also were reduced as a function of substituting a sulfur-free fuel— sawdust— for coal. Sulfur emissirais reductions were more dramatic when cofiring against Illinois basin coal than Utah coal due to the differences in the sulfur content of the fossil energy source. The reduction in emissions documented the value of this cofiring system. 

Kirk Johnson, Utah Coal Area, A Region Apart, Knows Well the Perils of Mining, NYT, August 9, 2007, at Aio (deepest) Paul Foy, Utah Mine Cave-ln Traps Six, WP, August 7, 2007, at Ay. 

Typical pyrolysis yields and oil qualities for two bituminous coals, Utah A and lUinois No. 6, are presented in Table 27-15. The major problem with any pyrolysis process is the high yield of char. 

In contrast to sporinite, resinite from a Utah high volatile A bituminous coal reacted rapidly and more completely than the corresponding vitrinite. Table V shows the conversion levels achieved for a concentrate containing 75% resinite (mineral-free basis) reacted under relatively mild conditions. The results are curious. A fairly respectable level of conversion is achieved in 15 minutes at 350°C (under which conditions the associated vitrinite would presumably show little conversion), but longer times and a temperature of 370° have little further effect even raising the temperature to 400° does not show a major increase in conversion. 

Bodily, D.M. The Effect of Maceral Properties on the Comminution of Coal Final Report DOE/PC/707 6-12, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 1987. 

Figure 4 Activation energy for conversion to toluene solubles vs. protonated aliphatic carbon for Argonne Premium Coal sample bank bituminous coals. Data on carbon distribution from Dr. Ronald L. Pugmire, University of Utah.

NMR. NMR analyses were performed on selected samples using dipolar dephasing and off magic angle spinning methods developed at the University of Utah (18-22). This work was performed at the University of Utah under the direction of Professor Ronald Pugmire. The technique allows quantitative analysis of functional groups in the solid coals and chars. 

A. Zandona, 0. J. Busch, L. E. Hettinger, W. P., Jr. "Reduced Crude Conversion Symposium on Production, Characterization and Processing of Heavy Oils, Tar Sand Bitumens, Shale Oils and Coal-Derived Liquids", University of Utah, 1981. 

The fuel burned in the present experiments was a Utah sub-bituminous coal containing 10.16 percent ash. Its properties are summarized in Table I. 

Analysis of Coal and Ash Samples Ultimate Analysis - Utah II Bituminous Supplied by EER. Inc. 

Very little data have been reported on the analysis of elements in whole coal and mine dusts in particular. Kessler, Sharkey, and Friedel analyzed trace elements in coal from mines in 10 coal seams located in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, Colorado, and Utah (5). Sixty-four elements ranging in concentration from 0.01 to 41,000 ppm wt were determined. Several surveys published previously have provided data on the concentration of minor elements in ashes from coals rather than a direct determination on the whole coals or mine dusts. Previous investigations include studies by Headlee and Hunter (6), Nunn, Lovell, and Wright (7), Abernethy, Peterson, and Gibson (8), and others (9, 10, 11,12). 

The coal used for this study was taken from a working face of Utah Spring Canyon Coal Mine. The analysis as given by Commercial Testing and Engineering Co. for the sample (calculated on a dry basis) is shown below. 

Appreciation is expressed to Yacob Shifai, Norbert Kertamus, and Larry Chariot for their contribution to this paper. The research reported here is supported by the Office of Coal Research, Department of the Interior under Contract No. 14-01-0001-271 and by the University of Utah Research Fund. 

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