Non-fossil energy source

Renewable electricity (RES-E) Electricity generated from renewable non-fossil energy sources, i.e., wind, solar, geothermal, wave, tidal, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogas (this corresponds to the definition in Directive 2001/77/EC on renewables, Article 2). 

Table 2.2A, B C lists the non-fossil energy sources that are potential candidates to fill all or part of our future energy needs as defined in Table 2.1. They are divided into renewable sources, nonrenewable sources with relatively short lifetime and non-renewable sources with a long lifetime. In this context, a lifetime less than 100 years is considered short.

Although chemistry as an emperical fundamental didpline has a long history, its application in industry gained importance after the introduction of the use of fossil energy sources during the industrial revolution. The chemical industry withdraws non-renewable materials, mainly fossil oil, from the earth s reserves to use as an energy source and as fossil oil a source of raw materials for production processes. The products so produced are rather... 

Non-renewable energy sources Sources of energy, such as fossil fuels, which take millions of years to form and which we are using up at a rapid rate. 

In contrast, non-combustion energy sources—wind, sunlight, falling water, and atomic fission—do not convert carbon to carbon dioxide. Accordingly, a carbon tax (or C02 tax) is conceptually a tax on the use of fossil fuels, and only fossil fuels. 

In later years the use of electrolysis can be expected to expand as a greater portion of the world s energy begins to be derived from non-fossil fuel sources. Electrolysis remains the most promising means to produce hydrogen from nuclear or the various forms of solar energy for use either as a chemical feedstock or a synthetic fuel. 

By using corn as a feedstock and employing current fermentation technology, the environmental benefits of producing PHAs are questionable even under rather favorable assumptions. While the biological production from renewable resources certainly has the potential to conserve fossil resources, the case study submitted in this paper demonstrates that such an approach can also have the reverse effect. Therefore future assessments of biological processes have to incorporate not only the use of raw materials, which are mostly renewable, but also address the indirect consumption of non-renewable energy sources required to cany out such a process. 

Unlike the gasoline tax that only impacts the transportation sector, carbon taxes affect all sectors of the economy. Implemented by some European countries and proposed in the United States by the Clinton Administration in 1993, the carbon tax makes consumption of fossil fuels more expensive for the energy user. The goals of a carbon tax are to reduce the consumption of energy and to make non-carbon emitting sources like wind and hydroelectric more cost-competitive with fossil fuels. 

Bioethanol is becoming a viable solution as a source of renewable energy, as it is a non-fossil fuel. It may originate from renewable agricultural sources, resulting in cleaner combustion without any emissions to the air. 

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