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Reduced crude

An old variation of the conversion type is a catalytic combination unit. Development of this scheme was necessitated by the rising cost of refinery construction after World War II and by the great demand for capital for postwar expansion. The scheme reduced the investment and operating costs for refining equipment. The basic feature of the combination unit lies in the integration of the fractionation facilities of the reduced crude distillation and catalytic cracking sections. [Pg.220]

The VPS overhead consists of steam, inerts, condensable and non-condensable hydrocarbons. The condensables result from low boiling material present in the reduced crude feed and from entrainment of liquid from the VPS top tray. The noncondensables result from cracking at the high temperatures employed in the VPS. Inerts result from leakage of air into the evacuated system. Steam and condensable hydrocarbons are condensed using an overhead water-cooled condenser. The distillate drum serves to separate inerts and non-condensables from condensate, as well as liquid hydrocarbons from water. Vacuum is maintained in the VPS using steam jet ejectors. [Pg.231]

The atmospheric reduced crude is the feedstock for the vacuum distillation unit. To prevent thermal decomposition (cracking) of the higher boiling point hydrocarbons in the crude oil, the pressure in the vacuum distillation fractionation column is reduced to about one-twentieth of an atmosphere absolute (one atmosphere pressure is 14.7 psia or 760 mm Fig). This effectively reduces the boiling points of the hydrocarbons several hundred degrees Fahrenheit. The components boiling below about 1050°F (565°C) are vaporized and removed as vacuum gas... [Pg.983]

RCC [Reduced crude oil conversion] A process for converting reduced crude oil (a petroleum fraction), and other petroleum residues, into high-octane gasoline and other lighter fuels. Based on the FCC process, but adapted to accommodate higher levels of metal contaminants which can harm the catalyst. Developed by Ashland Oil Company and UOP and... [Pg.223]

RCD Isomax [Reduced crude desulfurization] An obsolete process for desulfurizing high-sulfur residual oils. Developed by UOP, later replaced by RCD Unibon. [Pg.223]

RCD Unibon [Reduced crude desulfurization] Also known as the Black oil conversion process (BOC). A process for removing organic sulfur-, nitrogen-, and metal-compounds from heavy petroleum fractions. Different catalysts are used for different oils. Developed and licensed by UOP. [Pg.223]

Reduced crude a residual product remaining after the removal, by distillation or other means, of an appreciable quantity of the more volatile components of crude oil. [Pg.337]

Residual or reduced crude oil remains for further rehning. [Pg.242]

Faced with the need of obtaining more transportation fuels from a barrel of crude, Ashland developed the Reduced Crude Conversion Process (RCC ). To support this development, a residuum or reduced crude cracking catalyst was developed and over 1,000 tons were produced and employed in commercial operation. The catalyst possessed a large pore volume, dual pore structure, an Ultrastable Y zeolite with an acidic matrix equal in acidity to the acidity of the zeolite, and was partially treated with rare earth to enhance cracking activity and to resist vanadium poisoning. [Pg.308]

They began reduced crude cracking experimentation in a small 12,000 barrel per day (B/D) Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) operating unit at Louisville, Ky. The RCC process was born from these goals, concepts and a small operating unit. The development and attributes of this process have been described in a number of articles and patents (1-6). [Pg.309]

Figure 1 shows the distribution of 650 F+ volume percent content in reduced crude for some 50 crudes then available to Ashland. Figure 2 indicates the volume percentage of 1050°F+ present in the same crudes, ranging from less than 10% to more than 30%. [Pg.309]

As work began on the process, it quickly became apparent that the extraordinary catalyst properties required for the process were not then available, and even with a superior catalyst, consumption would undoubtedly be severe. Figure 3 shows how Ramsbottom Carbon and nickel plus vanadium vary in the same reduced crude oils. All levels are very high far beyond anything normally encountered in a gas oil feedstock. [Pg.309]

Although they are not shown here in detail, nitrogen, sulfur, asphaltenes, polynuclear aromatics, and heterocyclics are all also present in significant amounts in reduced crudes. [Pg.309]

Considerable modification was required, however, to enable us process reduced crude rather than gas oil. [Pg.312]

Finally, in late 1982, just prior to RCC commercial start-up, a more advanced catalyst was developed and prepared in several commercial-size 20-ton batches. It also was tested in the 200 B/D pilot plant unit, and shown to be an excellent catalyst. Over 1,000 tons of this catalyst, designated DZ-40, was produced commercially and used for start-up and two months successful reduced crude operation.(11)... [Pg.313]

Keeping the properties of the reduced crudes clearly in mind, we drew upon basic catalyst concepts and previous experience. [Pg.316]

FRAGMENTS OF LARGE REDUCED CRUDE MOLECULE GOING TO SIEVE... [Pg.319]


See other pages where Reduced crude is mentioned: [Pg.1055]    [Pg.90]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.230]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.233]    [Pg.76]    [Pg.980]    [Pg.983]    [Pg.983]    [Pg.983]    [Pg.228]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.77]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.242]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.310]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.315]    [Pg.316]    [Pg.317]    [Pg.319]    [Pg.319]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.285 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.1255 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.325 , Pg.381 ]




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Feedstock reduced crude

Reduced crude conversion process

Reduced-crude cracking

Reduced-crude cracking catalyst

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