Using the Vocabulary

Many to many Your company, one of many serving your market, has many partner candidates from which to choose. Neither partner is currently a dominant company. Two companies form a partnership to separate themselves from the crowd. They may do so to target a particular segment neither could approach alone. An industry roll up is an example. Here a company, usually with stock, buys others offering similar services in a market. 

One to many Your company is large and you have many options for selecting partners. You select the best of the breed for partnering or, working alone, you develop capabilities appealing to many customers. DaimlerChrysler, a case described in Chapter 20, is an example. Dell, described in Chapter 14, is another example. 

One to one This is a peer arrangement with dominant partners on each side. There is little choice in partner selection. Due to the size of the market and the scale of operations required, there is little choice. The merger of Daimler and Chrysler is an example. 

In example 4, no market space is created. It is an example of industry consolidation for increased competitive mass. This often occurs in mature industries and in industries where the investment needed to maintain an edge becomes prohibitive. 

Boeing (our Acme case) carries stock to provide same day delivery of selected line items. 

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As discussed in the first chapter, it is possible to use almost any kind of data to predict almost any type of property. But to keep things simple, we will continue using the vocabulary of spectroscopy. Accordingly, we will call the data we create absorbance spectra, or simply spectra, and we will call the property we are trying to predict concentration. 

Please remember that even though we are using the vocabulary of spectroscopy, the concepts discussed here apply to any system where we can measure a quantity, A, that is proportional to some property, C, of our sample. For example, A could be the area of a chromatographic peak or the intensity of an elemental emission line, and C could be the concentration of a component in the sample. 

Specifications of the effects of the actions on the component, using the vocabulary provided by the static model... 

S. Beucher (1999) Mathematical morphology and geology when image analysis uses the vocabulary of earth science a review of some applications. Proceedings of Geo Vision, 13-16. 

You can interpret results, including dipole moments and atomic charges, using the simple concepts and familiar vocabulary of the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO)-molecular orbital (MO) theory. 

Both quality management and environment, safety and health have specialized vocabularies. In some instances, different practitioners use the same word or words but assume different meanings. In this glossary we explain our use of these phrases. 

In the vocabulary a is used to represent both and 3, and as for f( (and sometimes for SZ when the word is spelled in capitals thus STRASZE would be found as Strasse). 

How to Handle Difficulties. If the word sought is not in the vocabulary, or if its meaning is not clear, the experienced dictionary user still has many resources. He is often able to puzzle out an obscure word, and the student should practise the art, using the context to guide him. A few possibilities are suggested ... 

Being able to communicate - to read and write - about chemistiy. Today, communication at world level is based on texts and images. Being able to effectively communicate using the special vocabulary of chemistry enables a person to have access to that sphere of knowledge ... 

We have developed a system based on SNOW-MED to extract medical information from herbal texts. SNOW-MED is a semantic index that recognizes relationships between groups of words [26], For example, the semantic map for thrush is related to yeast, infection, and microbe. Although this system may eventually allow a potential pharmacological function to be extrapolated, we are currently using the system to simply extract disorders from the text. We have used the Mayo Vocabulary Server to perform this data mining [34, 35]. 

Sentence completions test your ability to use the information found in complex, but incomplete, sentences in order to correctly complete the sentences. Sentence completions test two separate aspects of your verbal skills your vocabulary and your ability to follow the internal logic of sentences. These sentences are often quite complex. Fortunately, there are some strategies that will greatly increase your score on these questions. Each of these questions has one blank (or, on some tests, two blanks) within a single sentence. Often the sentences are long and difficult to follow, but with practice you can learn to master them. 

Each component has its own model. Because some of them are more general than required for this system—for example, the Calendar associates any Strings with dates and is not specific to Instructors and CourseRuns—not all of them use the same vocabulary. But we can retrieve or map the separate components models back to the system model. For example, each SeminarSystem lnstructor is primarily represented in Seminar Sys 1 components by a String, which is the Instructor s name. To obtain the associations of a SeminarSystem Instructor given a String n, use these definitions ... 

Static models have different uses in different parts of the development life cycle. If we decided to start from scratch in providing software support for a hotel s booking system, our analyst s first deliverable would be a description of how the hotel business works, and a type model would be an essential part of it, formalizing the vocabulary. Later in the life cycle, the objects in the software can be described in the same notation. 

The strict answer is that the static model, without actions, does not tell us enough. The only real test is whether the system we re modeling behaves (responds to actions) as a client would expect from reading the whole model, actions and all the static part merely sets a vocabulary for the rest. This strict view allows some implementations to conform that might not otherwise. For example, suppose we never specified any actions that used the balance. By the retrieval function rule, we would still have to implement that attribute even though it would make no perceptible difference to clients whether or not it was implemented. 

In addition to a narrative, it is useful to have an index of the vocabulary. The glossary s purpose is to link the formal terms back to the real world. Rather than a single monolithic table at the end of the document, the definitions could be introduced as needed in the context of the document structure, together with additional explanation.2... 

We describe an object s behavior using a type, with two parts to its specification the operation specifications (usually pre- and postconditions) defining what it does and the static model, providing the vocabulary of terms for the operation specs. 

Notice that this is very much a diagram not of the code but rather of what the user may expect. The boxes and lines illustrate the vocabulary of terms used to define the requirement. 

It is useful to establish a central package of shared basic definitions that are known throughout the business—the vocabulary the staff use in their work. The viewpoint packages can import this package. Like our earlier Network package, it tends to be a mostly static model (types and attributes). 

You should clearly define the vocabulary of element types that can be used to describe an architecture processes, replicators, buffers, caches, and events. The same is true of the roles played by the different components controllers, mediators, routers, and so on. A good architecture exhibits a coherence and simplicity by being based on a small number of such elements and patterns that are used consistently throughout the design. 

We use the same philosophy in type modeling When stating behavior requirements, you have a limited set of terms and their definitions, defined by the type model, that you can refer to. When implementing a system at any level, your design vocabulary is defined by a limited set of well-defined constructs.2... 

The purpose of the business model is to represent all the vocabulary that is used by the people in the business. It can augment or form a more structured variant of the company or project glossary. Its advantage over the plain glossary or dictionary of terms is that it can summarize complex relationships readily. 

It is often helpful to start with an initial informal sketch of the main terms and concepts, drawn as a concept map. It serves as a concrete starting point for capturing the vocabulary used and the relationships between terms (see Figure 14.9). A concept map is simply a graph of labeled nodes and labeled (preferably directed) edges. We do not try to formalize the map or even worry much about distinguishing objects, types, actions, and associations. The concept map can serve as the starting point for the type model and collaborations. 

But if you re in a testing situation and you are not allowed to use one, rely on the context clues in the sentence. The term context clues means that other words in the sentence give away or give clues to the definition. For example, sometimes you will find synonyms (words that mean the same thing) or antonyms (words that mean the opposite), or details that lead you to identify the vocabulary word in question. Once in a while, you will find a group of words set off by commas (called an appositive), which gives you a very clear definition of the word. 

Because the conventional stereotype of race is so erroneous, confusing, and productive of injustice and cruelties without number, and yet is so firmly established in the minds of most men, it were better to drop the term race altogether from the vocabulary. Some non-commital term like ethnic group should be used to designate human groups which differ from one another physically.31... 

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