Using fewer chemicals

Bionic finishes are a special way of using fewer chemicals for greater effects. As mentioned in Section 6.3.4 bionic means using examples from nature as an impetus 

A good example to explain this impetus is the shark skin effect. The scales of predatory fishes have fine longitudinal grooves that cause less cross-flow in the displaced water. This principle has been adapted to aeroplane surfaces to help to reduce fuel consumption by 1 %. Similar shark skin swimsuit surfaces allow competitive swimmers to enjoy the advantages of lower resistance to movement through the water. 

The common principle of these examples and in general for all bionic finishes is a successful and almost intelligent construction of sophisticated structures, for example like the special surfaces or poly-layers in spider hair, insect wings, butterfly scales or porous bone material. This principle is that material, which is often self organised, is used in small amounts for great efficiency in specific regions and not used where it is less important. 

Even though it is not the subject of finishing but of coloration, it is remarkable in this context that the beautifully coloured wings of butterflies inspired Japanese fibre chemists to produce multilayer bicomponent fibres with different interference colours without the use of any dyestuff or pigment.  

---

Uses fewer chemicals than traditional membrane filtration processes. 

This method is very similar to the indirect reduction of ephedrine. The difference in this case is that here the chlorination and reduction are done simultaneously in a "one pot" process. This has the obvious advantages of being quicker and using fewer chemicals. This method has the further advantage of using ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or PPA in their... 

Thanks to the hi-tech systems it uses. Lucky can accurately use fewer chemicals and dyestuffs with absolutely no waste, fith less chemical on the fabric, washing can be light which reduces the impact on the state-of-the-art water treatment. The company even built a new canal for the facility with connection to the Environment Protection Bureau which can monitor the quality of the waste water in real time. 

The detergent industry is the largest user of industrial enzymes. The starch industry, the first significant user of enzymes, developed special symps that could not be made by means of conventional chemical hydrolysis. These were the first products made entirely by enzymatic processes. Materials such as textiles and leather can be produced in a more rational way when using enzyme technology. Eoodstuffs and components of animal feed can be produced by enzymatic processes that require less energy, less equipment, or fewer chemicals compared with traditional techniques. 

Inherent safety Inventory reduction Fewer chemicals inventoried or fewer in process vessels. Chemical substitution Substitute a less hazardous chemical for one more hazardous. Fr ocess attenuation Use lower temperatures and pressures. 

The risk from using household products can be reduced by reducing the hazard level (toxicity), by reducing exposure, or both. Reducing the toxicity - choosing less-toxic products - is arguably the best strategy because safer product choices can do more than reduce risk in the home. Safer products may also use fewer toxic chemicals in their manufacture and may be safer for the environment when disposed of. 

The conventional way to remove hair from cowhides is to use harsh chemicals, namely slaked lime and sodittm sttlfide. These chemicals completely dissolve the hair and open up the fiber stmctrrre. Errzyme-assisted tmhairing, with or without recovery of the hair, is closely related to the conventional process. However, just by adding an ertzyme, it is possible to reduce the reqrrirements for soditrm strlfide and lime. This process gives a very clean pelt, a high area yield and resrrlts in fewer chemicals in the waste water. 

The used chemicals are taken back by the chemical supplier for treatment, provided it has a waste treatment facility. Such a facility could also be located on the user s premises this differs from case to case. If no waste treatment facility exists, ChemKit will put the supplier in touch with a suitable waste disposal company with whom it can work together. Parts of the waste output are thus recycled and fed back into the user process, closing the loop of the Chemical Leasing model. Since the chemical supplier will need to use fewer new chemical substances in the future, it profits from the cut in material costs. In addition, it makes a sustainable contribution to environmental protection (Fig. 12). 

A child s school lunch may include both homemade and commercially prepared products. When considering the number of chemicals that occur in the mixed food category (i.e., commercially available and fast-food products), parents should seriously consider using fewer prepackaged products and switch to homemade lunch box foods made from organic products. 

The advantage of this empirical model is that the systematic variation in the solvent data can now be described using fewer variables than in the original data set. Eventually, an attempt is made to explain the factors F and F2, which themselves define a new coordinate system, by considering an underlying physical or chemical meaning e.g. polarity, polarizability, or Lewis acidity/basicity of the solvent molecule), thus leading finally to a new solvent classification. 

Fewer chemicals are used in the process, which helps minimize the negative impacts of those chemicals on the whole process. 

---