Lipoprotein concentration

Plasma lipid transfer proteins, which include the cholesteryl-ester-transfer-protein (CETP previously known as lipid transfer protein I, LTP-I) and the phospholipid-transfer-protein (PLTP previously known as lipid transfer protein II, LTP-II) mediate the transfer of lipids (cholesteryl esters, triglycerides and phospholipids) between lipoproteins present in human plasma. These proteins significantly affect plasma lipoprotein concentration and composition. 

LEES RS, LEES A (1976) Sitosterol therapy on plasma lipid and lipoprotein Concentrations. In Lipoprotein Metabolism, Ed. Greten, H, Berlin Springer, 119-24. 

Drugs that modify platelet activity, lipoprotein concentrations, and neurohormonal systems reduce the risk for coronary events and death. However, these therapies do not cure IHD. 

Aro, A., Tuomilehto, J., Kostiainen, E., Uusitalo, U., Pietinen, P., Boiled coffee increases serum low density lipoprotein concentration, Metabolism, 36, 1027, 1987... 

Phytoestrogens decrease low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride concentrations, do not change high-density lipoprotein concentrations, and may improve bone density. 

Observations in different types of primary hyperlipidemia revealed in general an inverse correlation between Lp(a) concentrations and plasma triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentrations in hypertriglyceridemic subjects (A 10, B22, H30, W11). As far as this observation is not troubled by technical problems in the analysis (E8), the possibility exists that Lp(a) catabolism is partly related to the catabolism of triglyceride-rich and/or cholesterol-rich particles (P10, R16). 

K3. Kapelrud, H., Bangstad, H. J., Dahl-Jorgensen, K., Berg, K., and Hanssen, K. F., Serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations in insulin dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. BMJ 303, 675-677 (1991). 

K5. Karadt, I., and Romics, L., Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration in serum of patients with heavy proteinuria of different origin. Clin. Chem. (Winston-Salem, NC) 35, 2121-2123 (1989). 

Sano, R., Fujino, A., Shimazu, H., Kobayashi, M., Yahata, Y., Ogyuu, A., Suzuki, K., Saito, T., and Inokuchi, H., Serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations of Japanese patients with coronary heart disease. TohokuJ. Exp. Med. 162, 261-267 (1990). 

Pioglitazone is approved for use as monotherapy and in conjunction with metformin, sulfonylureas, and insulin. It is taken once a day with or without food. Though pioglitazone may also cause a small increase in low-density lipoprotein concentrations, there is usually a modest decrease in triglyceride levels, but it unclear whether this has any clinical significance or persists in the long term. 

Diet should be continued to achieve the full potential of the drug regimen. These drugs should be avoided in pregnant and lactating women and those likely to become pregnant. All drugs that alter plasma lipoprotein concentrations may require... 

Hulley SB, Cook SG, Wilson WS, Nichaman MZ, Hatch FT, Lindgren FT (1971) Quantitation of serum lipoproteins by electrophoresis on agarose gel standardization in lipoprotein concentration units (mg-100 ml) by comparison with analytical ultracentrifugation. J Lipid Res 12 420-433... 

A 64-year-old woman who had taken metformin for 3 years had a high-density lipoprotein concentration of 1.2 mmol/1, which fell to 0.26 mmol/1 when she took rosiglitazone. The HbAic fell from 10.1% to 7.9%. Fenofibrate was added and the HDL concentration fell further to 0.11 mmol/1. Triglycerides, 2.7 mmol/1 before treatment, increased to 4.7 mmol/1. Apolipoprotein A1 concentrations were low at 0.14 g/ 1 (reference range 1.1-2.05 g/1). On withdrawing both the rosiglitazone and the fenofibrate the HDL concentration rose to 0.95 mmol/1. 

Interferon alfa often affects lipid metabolism and produces a reversible reduction in cholesterol and, more consistently, increases in triglyceride concentrations (SEDA-20, 328 SEDA-21, 371). Meticulous blood lipid investigation showed a significant rise in serum triglyceride and lipoprotein ) concentrations and reductions in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apoprotein Al. 

In Taiwan, Huang et al. investigated the correlation between serum lipid, lipoprotein concentrations and major depressive disorder in patients admitted for general health screening [33]. They found that the ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL showed significant differences between patients with major depressive disorder and normal controls in women. Huang and Chen also pointed out that no significant differences were found in lipid concentrations of TC, TG, HDL, VLDL, LDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL between patients with dysthymia and normal controls [41],... 

Although there are papers that discuss the relationships between cholesterol, lipid profiles, and major depression [34-39], there are few data that discuss the association between lipid profiles and depressive disorders with different phenotypes. Huang and Chen investigated the correlation between serum lipid, lipoprotein concentration, and major depressive disorder in patients evaluated for general health screening [41]. They found that analysis of covariance after age adjustment revealed significant differences in patients with melancholic feature and patients with atypical feature in serum concentrations of TG and VLDL in men and HDL in women [41]. However, there are still no reports that discuss the relationships between lipid profiles and major depression with postpartum onset or catatonic feature. In the future, large sample numbers will be needed to clarify the clinical differences in this field. 

Huang TL, Wu SC, Chiang YS, Chen JF. Correlation between serum lipid, lipoprotein concentrations and anxious state, depressive state or major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2003 118 147-153. 

The eventual distribution of drug molecules across plasma, however, is determined not only by the specific affinities and binding constants of dmg molecules to isolated lipoprotein fractions but also to the concentration of each lipoprotein fraction in the plasma. Consequently, because the relative concentrations of plasma lipoprotein fractions increase from VLDL (=0.1 pM) < LDL (=1 pM) < HDL (=11 pM) [142, 148, 150], the plasma distribution profiles of lipophilic drugs often reflect the relative lipoprotein concentrations and not the specific binding affinities. 

M33. Miller, N. E., Why does plasma low density lipoprotein concentration in adults increase with age. Lancet 1, 263-267 (1984). 

R2. Rajaram, O. V., and Barter, P. J., Influence of lipoprotein concentration on the exchanges of triacylglycerol between rabbit plasma low density and high density lipoproteins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 620, 438-448 (1980). 

T7. Thanabalasingham, S., Thompson, G. R., Trayner, T. I., Myant, N. B., and Soutar, A. K., Effect of lipoprotein concentration and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity on cholesterol esterification in human plasma after plasma exchange. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 10, 45-48 (1980). 

Wl. Wallentin, L., Lecithin cholesterol acyl transfer rate in plasma and its relation to lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in primary hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis 26, 233-248 (1977). 

III. DRUGS THAT LOWER SERUM LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATION... 

III. Drugs That Lower Serum Lipoprotein Concentration... 

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