Undifferentiated

A decrease which occurs by the termination of M,- with some other undifferentiated radical M-. 

Percentage of meteorites seen to fall. Chondrites. Over 90% of meteorites that are observed to fall out of the sky are classified as chondrites, samples that are distinguished from terrestrial rocks in many ways (3). One of the most fundamental is age. Like most meteorites, chondrites have formation ages close to 4.55 Gyr. Elemental composition is also a property that distinguishes chondrites from all other terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples. Chondrites basically have undifferentiated elemental compositions for most nonvolatile elements and match solar abundances except for moderately volatile elements. The most compositionaHy primitive chondrites are members of the type 1 carbonaceous (Cl) class. The analyses of the small number of existing samples of this rare class most closely match estimates of solar compositions (5) and in fact are primary source solar or cosmic abundances data for the elements that cannot be accurately determined by analysis of lines in the solar spectmm (Table 2). Table 2. Solar System Abundances of the Elements ... 

The level of technical service support provided for a given product generally tracks in large part where the suppHer considers thek product to be located within the spectmm of commodity to specialty chemicals. Technical service support levels for pure chemicals usually provided in large quantities for specific synthetic or processing needs, eg, ammonia (qv), sulfuric acid (see SuLFURic ACID AND SULFURTRIOXIDe), formaldehyde (qv), oxygen (qv), and so forth, are considerably less than for more complex materials or blends of materials provided for multistep downstream processes. Examples of the latter are many polymers, colorants, flocculants, impact modifiers, associative thickeners, etc. For the former materials, providing specifications of purity and physical properties often comprises the full extent of technical service requked or expected by customers. These materials are termed undifferentiated chemicals (9),... 

Undifferentiated cell cultui e.s. Aggregate chimps of cells on solid media (callus) or in hquid media (suspension)... 

Conventionally, Auger spectra are presented in the differentiated energy distribution form dN(F)/dF, rather than in the undifferentiated form N(E) used in XPS. Differentiating enhances the visibility of Auger features, as is demonstrated in Fig. 2.20, in which the differentiated spectrum from boron is shown above the corresponding N(E) spectrum. The N(E) distribution is nowadays recorded digitally, and differentiation is performed by computer. With the rapid improvement in the signal-to-noise... 

There are undifferentiated stem cells of the blood elements in the bone marrow that differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, (red blood cells), thrombocytes (platelets), and white blood cells (leukocytes and lymphocytes). The production of erythrocytes is regulated by a hormone, erythropoietin (see the section on kidney toxicity), that is synthetized and excreted by the kidney. An increase in the number of premature erythrocytes is an indication of stimulation of erythropoiesis, i.e., increased production of erythrocytes in anemia due to continuous bleeding. 

America the high-volume but relatively undifferentiated gas mdusti y of Russia and other former Soviet republics and the specialized liquified natural gas-based gas-consuming sectors ofjapan. South Korea, and Taiwan. 

Consider a toy universe , As described above, it is an a-priori formless, undifferentiated space that can be arbitrarily partitioned into 2 atomic predicates. Suppose that n contains m observers Oi, i = 1,2, where the rank R Oi) = i , is the... 

Fibroblasts, which are undifferentiated pre-adipo-cytes, can be stimulated and converted into adipocytes. 

It may be that the presence of this isoform promotes the strengthening of calli cell walls through a special mechanism, since cultured cells have mainly undifferentiated cell walls missing lignification and suberin deposition, similar to meristematic cells in plants. 

The square cell is convenient for a model of water because water is quadrivalent in a hydrogen-bonded network (Figure 3.2). Each face of a cell can model the presence of a lone-pair orbital on an oxygen atom or a hydrogen atom. Kier and Cheng have adopted this platform in studies of water and solution phenomena [5]. In most of those studies, the faces of a cell modeling water were undifferentiated, that is no distinction was made as to which face was a lone pair and which was a hydrogen atom. The reactivity of each water cell was modeled as a consequence of a uniform distribution of structural features around the cell. 

SMITH T, MUSK s R and JOHNSON I T (1996) Allyl isothiocyanate selectively kills undifferentiated HT29 cells in vitro and suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the colonic mucosa of rats , Biochem Soc Trans, 24 381S. 

PI. 4A Neonate Prosimian undifferentiated VN epithelium in 11-day-old Slow Loris (Nycltcebm coucang) (from Evans and Schilling, 1995). L. = lumen, s = sinus. 

Metastatic spread can occur by local extension, lymphatic drainage, or hematogenous dissemination.17 Lymph node metastases are more common in patients with large, undifferentiated tumors that invade the seminal vesicles. The pelvic and abdominal lymph node groups are the most common sites of lymph node involvement (Fig. 89-1). Skeletal metastases from hematogenous spread are the most common sites of distant... 

Undifferentiated tumors are associated with a poorer prognosis than lesions that are considered to be well or moderately differentiated. 

The histology of the disease is a prognostic factor. For instance, clear-cell and undifferentiated tumors do not respond as well to chemotherapy.2 The extent of residual disease and tumor grade are also predictive of response to chemotherapy and overall survival.2 There are other prognostic factors that may predict how well a patient will respond to adjuvant chemotherapy. 

Figure 5.31. An Auger spectrum from a stainless steel surface (a) the undifferentiated N(E) mode, (b) the differentiated mode. (After Flewitt and Wild 1985.)...

Because commodity and fine chemicals tend to be purchased on the basis of their chemical composition alone, they are undifferentiated. For example, there is nothing to choose between 99.9% benzene made by one manufacturer and that made by another manufacturer, other than price and delivery issues. On the other hand, specialty chemicals tend to be purchased on the basis of their effect or function and are therefore differentiated. For example, competitive pharmaceutical products are differentiated according to the efficacy of the product, rather than chemical composition. An adhesive is purchased on the basis of its ability to stick things together, rather than its chemical composition and so on. 

This mode of regulation seems appropriate to the ERTs since their cells are already terminally differentiated, and their primary function is to grow and provide a nutrient rich incubator for the undifferentiated neuroblasts and imaginal cells that eventually produce the reproductive adult. The response of these undifferentiated progenitor cells to food withdrawal is quite unlike that of the ERTs. Larval neuroblasts and imaginal disc cells continue to proliferate for many days after a larva is starved, and seem to complete their normal proliferation programs. In this instance the ERTs lose mass, presumably as they transfer stored nutrients to the developing nervous system and the discs. 

Palozza, P., Serini, S., Torsello, A. et al. 2002b. Regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis by beta-carotene in undifferentiated and differentiated HL-60 leukemia cells possible involvement of a redox mechanism. Int J Cancer 97 593-600. 

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