Typical testing procedure

A typical testing procedure involves several steps. First, the selected number and size of sieves are stacked upon one another, with the largest openings (inversely related to mesh per inch) being at the top of the stack, and beneath that a pan to collect the particles finer than the smallest sieve. The known amount of powder to be analyzed is then placed on the top sieve and the set is vibrated in a mechanical device for a predetermined time period. The results are obtained by weighing the amount of material retained on each sieve and on the collecting pan. The suction method uses one sieve at a time and examines the amount retained on the screen. In both methods the data are expressed as frequency or cumulative frequency plots, respectively. 

Table 15 Typical Test Procedures for Packaging Materials...

HPLC module Typical test Procedure (suggested) Acceptance criteria (suggested)... 

A typical testing procedure includes most of the following items. 

AWS) has issued specifications covering the various filler-metal systems and processes (2), eg, AWS A5.28 which appHes to low alloy steel filler metals for gas-shielded arc welding. A typical specification covers classification of relevant filler metals, chemical composition, mechanical properties, testing procedures, and matters related to manufacture, eg, packaging, identification, and dimensional tolerances. New specifications are issued occasionally, in addition to ca 30 estabUshed specifications. Filler-metal specifications are also issued by the ASME and the Department of Defense (DOD). These specifications are usually similar to the AWS specification, but should be specifically consulted where they apply. 

Fuel economy, typically expressed as distance driven per volume of fuel consumed, ie, ia km/L (mi/gal), is measured over two driving cycles specified by the Federal Test Procedure (63). Oae cycle simulates city driving and consists of relatively low speed (- 32 km/h) driving, and iacludes a portion where the car starts after having equiUbrated at ambient conditions for 16 hours. The second simulates highway driving conditions and iacludes higher speeds and... 

Diverse appHcations for the fabric sometimes demand specialized tests such as for moisture vapor, Hquid transport barrier to fluids, coefficient of friction, seam strength, resistance to sunlight, oxidation and burning, and/or comparative aesthetic properties. Most properties can be deterrnined using standardized test procedures which have been pubHshed as nonwoven standards by INDA (9). A comparison of typical physical properties for selected spunbonded products is shown in Table 2. 

Scale-up Factors Factors used in thickening will vary, but, typically, a 1.2 to 1.3 multiplier applied to the unit area calculated from laboratory data is sufficient if proper testing procedures have been followed and the samples are representative. 

The total solids in municipal wastewaters exist in a distribution of sizes from individual ions up to visible particles. Specific analytical procedures have been established to distinguish the suspended fraction of the total solids and to further distinguish the settleable fraction within the suspended solids. A typical concentration of SS (suspended solids) for raw domestic wastewaters is 200 mg/1, but this can vary substantially from system to system. The lower limiting size for the SS fraction (about 1.5 microns) is arbitrarily defined by the test procedures and it should be noted that variations in test procedures themselves can also lead to... 

Stable Detonation A detonation that progresses through a confined system without significant variadon of velocity and pressure character-isdcs. Eor atmospheric condidons, typical velocides range between 1600 and 2200 m/s for standard test mixtures and test procedures. 

It should be noted that although ASTM A262 1986 provides details of test procedures no information is given on typical corrosion rates or acceptable limits for various heat-treated alloys, which are regarded as outside the province of a specification that describes test procedures. Table 19.4, taken from a paper by Brown, shows the maximum acceptable evaluation test rates specified by the Du Pont Company for various alloys tested by the acid... 

An example of a relatively simple, but effective, test method is that developed for inhibited mineral oils in the presence of water (BS 2000 Part 135 1983). Typically, in these tests, a mixture of the inhibited oil and distilled water or sea-water in specified proportions is stirred at 60°C in a beaker containing a steel specimen for a test period of 24 h, followed by a visual inspection for rusting. Similar test procedures exist for inhibited fuel products. 

The catalyst concentration can be varied in a wide range for the above-mentioned parameter set, without changing the reaction kinetics [9]. Since gas/liquid micro reactors span a broad range of residence times, typically much shorter than for conventional apparatus, this allows a flexible adaptation of the test procedure to the needs of micro flow characterization. 

The iterative procedure stops when the convergence criterion for termination is satisfied. When the unknown parameters are of the same order of magnitude then a typical test for convergence is Ak[Pg.69]

Test Test Procedure and Measurement Rationale Typical Finding in Cushing s Syndrome Comments... 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has many test procedures for the characterization of packaging materials. These methods are available individually or in specific books of ASTM standards. A list of typical tests may be found in Table 15. 

The dissolution specification for prolonged-release dosage forms should cover a minimum of three points one to ensure that dose-dumping does not occur (early, typically 20-30% release), one to confirm compliance with the dissolution curve profile (around 50% release), and one to ensure that the majority of the dose has been released (often more than 80% released). The robustness of the test procedure should be considered (e.g., to temperature, pH, and rotational speed). 

Stress-Strain Data. Tensile tests were made with an Instron tester at some seven crosshead speeds from 0.02 to 20 inches per minute at five or six temperatures from 30° to —46°C. The tests were made on rings cut with a special rotary cutter from the circular sheets of the elastomers. The dimensions of each ring were determined from the weights of the ring and the disc from its center, the thickness of the ring, accurately measured, and the density of the rubber. Typically, the outside and inside diameters were 1.45 and 1.25 inches, respectively, and the thickness was about 0.085 inch. The test procedure used is described elsewhere (11), and the cubic equation, eq 4 in ref. j 2, was used to compute the average strain in a ring from the crosshead displacement. 

Here we cannot assume that a single value of standard deviation is applicable. Insert control materials in total numbers approximately as recommended above. However, there should be at least two levels of analyte represented, one close to the median level of typical test materials, and the other approximately at the upper or lower decile as appropriate. Enter values for the two control materials on separate control charts. Duplicate a minimum of five test materials, and insert one procedural blank per ten test materials. 

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