Type of Information Accessible

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) has become an important and widely used tool in material science (1-3). It has been a particularly fruitful technique for the investigation of polymers (4-9). In this review, we will focus on the application of photoelectron spectroscopy to the investigation of the interfaces between metals and polymers. These studies are directed primarily to understand the role of Interfacial chemistry in the adhesion between metals and polymers. Two aspects, which will be emphasized here, are the experimental approaches in PES studies of polymer/metal interfaces and the types of information accessible from the PES experiments. The experimental emphasis will be on preparation of appropriate samples for polymer/metal interface studies, practical problems... 

Proton transfer exchange in a porphin ring. The intramolecular transfer of protons within a porphin ring reported by Limbach (T) is of interest, both because it shows the special types of information accessible by n.m.r. methods (3l) and because the protons migrate between nitrogen atoms at a fixed distance (equation 6), so that this is an instance of a bound" proton... 

Numeric. Researchers routinely use reported numeric measurements and data in thek work. Handbooks have been the primary source for locating this type of information, but numeric databases are now increasing in availabiUty. Advantages of searching numeric databases on-line include ease of use, dkect access to desked data, and abiUty to manipulate the information in the answer set. 

Personal computers have introduced new ways to handle pdvate biblographic and text files. The most important factors to consider to achieve satisfactory results in building a bibhographic or text database are the type of information to be stored and the needs of the user. Types of information include correspondence, research results and documentation, meeting notes, and bibliographic references. Needs of the user to be considered should include the potential number of users of the database, restrictions for the access and display of the information because of privacy or proprietary reasons, and the retrieval mechanisms (eg, by keyword, authority list, controUed vocabulary, author, tide, date, or other document or information attributes). In addition, criteria for selecting and encoding information for the database need to be established. 

Apart from the name or number given to a product you need to identify the version and the modification state so that you can relate the issues of the drawing and specifications to the product they represent. Products should either carry a label or markings with this type of information in an accessible position or bear a unique code number that is traceable to such information. 

The wealth of information accessible by analyzing this type of PFG NMR data is reflected in Figure 3.1.1. This shows a representation of the (smoothed) propagators for ethane in zeolites NaCaA (a special type of nanoporous crystallite) at two different temperatures and for two different crystal sizes. Owing to their symmetry in space, it is sufficient to reproduce only one half of the propagators. In fact,... 

Logs represent host by three different keys, a host name, a host IP address, and a host MAC address. The name is either fully qualified or a simple machine name, depending on the information source. This type of information is often provided by host-based information sources, or by devices configured to do on-the-fly reverse DNS mapping. An IP address is often provided by network-based IDS sensors and other network equipments. Finally, MAC addresses are provided by low-level networking devices such as wireless access points and switches, when specific network or wireless attacks are detected. All three keys are frequently found in event logs. 

The contribution of this paper is the definition of four different kinds of components for distributed event collection, according to the way they interact with the database and with the outside world. It also generically defines three types of information that are handled by the application. This structure is very important in terms of security, because it allows a strong separation of privileges at the table and column level (for databases that support it), between insertions, modifications, access and deletion. We are also able to effectively leverage the consistency mechanisms of SQL (foreign keys and references) to ensure that event information remains consistent over time. 

Although not stricdy a database, the World Wide Web (WWW) is rapidly becoming an important source of all types of information, including chemical information. The WWW is freely accessible to anyone in an academic institute around the world who has a suitably networked... 

Index Chemicus (G4) is a more comprehensive and accessible index of new compounds for which analytical data and molecular formulas are available. The publication summarizes this type of information from over 200 key journals, usually within 45 days of the original publication date. Several other instrumental data are usually given, in addition to an abstract of the paper. Some indication of the scope is given by the cumulative index for 1960-1967, which listed some 850,000 new compounds. In 1968 alone, about 165,000 new compounds were described. 

For catalyst studies, scanning microscopy provides access to various types of information on texture ... 

Infrared radiation is divided into three regions the near-infrared from 800 to 3 (XX) nanometres, the mid-infrared from 3000 to 25000 nm and the far-infrared from 25000 to 10 nm. These subdivisions are arbitrary, essentially based on available instrumental possibilities but also on the type of information that can be accessed in each of these domains. It is customary to express the units in wave-numbers, v in cm" (v = v/c - I /X where vis the frequency in Hz. c the velocity of light and X the wavelength) which corresponds, for example, to 3 300 to 400 cm" for the mid-infrared. 

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