Leverage effects

It is evident that both atypical objects (compounds) and atypical (irrelevant) descriptor variables can influence the properties of the model. A general analysis of which objects and variables will have an effect on the properties of the model can be obtained from tbe leverage matrices T(T T) T (objects), and PF (variables). The diagonal elements in these matrices will have values between zero and one. A value dose to zero indicates small effects due to leverage, and a value close to one indicates a large leverage effect... 

The Impact of the private rate of return due to new products (innovation) averages about 30 to 40% In the chemical Industry, but the social rate of return, l.e., the Impact on our total economy, may be three times as great. This leverage effect may be particularly important In new critical technology areas such as energy. The Congress and the Executive... 

Based on the assumptions made, it comes out clearly that the leverage effect of substitution and greenhouse gas savings is considerably lower for natural gas grid injection and power generation compared to the use in mobility and industry. This is... 

The profit leverage effect (PLE) is widely used to show how a reduction in COGS leads to improved profits faster than a corresponding increase in sales. A question often contemplated is, should the company increase sales or decrease costs to improve profitability quicker Using a simplified profit and loss statement (Table 10.1), PLE is demonstrated. As viewed in the table a base state is provided, and then increasing sales by 10% and reducing costs by 10% are compared. 

For the economic analysis of lead markets it is important to distinguish between the lead effects of markets themselves and features of markets which support the lead function of a country. The lead or leverage effect is a mechanism by which a design adopted by the lead market supersedes initially preferred alternative designs in lag markets and becomes the globally dominant design. In chapter 3 the basic lead mechanisms will be outlined first theoretically. These mechanisms and the variety of factors supporting these mechanisms will be refined into a system of lead market factors for better practicability. 

Leveraging on this positive outcome, we next explicitly consider the effect of the experimentally used W tips in the experiment. As in Refs [3, 4], the constant current topographies were simulated by integrating the states in the CB edge from its... 

I have described what is, in effect, the process of leveraging efficiency. That is, you... 

Get Boards on Board. .. by defining and spreading the best-known leveraged processes for hospital Boards of Directors, so that they can become far more effective in accelerating organizational progress toward safe care. 

To help shorten registration time and reduce costs, CROs can provide benefits to sponsors listed below. Since each of these factors can have a major beneficial impact on the financial performance of the sponsor, it may be helpful to describe the impact of each on the development process. If a sponsor elects to combine several of these elements in an effective fashion, the resulting positive leverage on the trial process can be substantial. 

Pharmaceutical firms over fhe lasf decade have increasingly adopted fhe practice of cross-fxmctional coordination so as to leverage various fypes of knowledge wifhin the organization, and marketers often sit at a conceptual hub of company functions when if comes to early assessmenf of NCE markef potential. To develop an effective brand plan, fhe marketer/brand manager is often the "gravitational force" behind such cross-functional interactions, as depicted in Figure 35.2. 

The practice of brand plan development and its NCE forecast component is designed to leverage knowledge from a cross-functional team, and in a certain sense it does. But because the traditional forecasting process is fundamentally disconnected from the operational realities of the disease marketplace, the marketer/brand manager lacks a tool to quantitatively analyze the effects of the product strategies developed. In other words. 

---