Device configuration

Fig. 1. Representative device configurations exploiting electrooptic second-order nonlinear optical materials are shown. Schematic representations are given for (a) a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, (b) a birefringent modulator, and (c) a directional coupler. In (b) the optical input to the birefringent modulator is polarized at 45 degrees and excites both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The appHed voltage modulates the output polarization. Intensity modulation is achieved using polarizing components at the output.

The composition of the copolymer determines its electroluminescence efficiency. Optimal efficiency (0.3%) was achieved in system 34 when the feed ratio of monomer 4 to monomer 34 was 9 1. This represents a 30-fold improvement in luminescence efficiency relative to PPV in the same device configuration (AlALOj/polymer/Al) 58, 62. Copolymer 33 has found uses as waveguides and... 

Figure 16. a) Electroluminescence of the reference system PVK/BND (left) and the white-light emitter PVK/THP/BND (right), b) Device configuration. 

Due to the electronegative atom, polypyridines are good electron acceptors from UPS and UV-vis absorption spectra, Yamamoto and coworkers [669] estimated /iA 3.5 eV, /P = 6.3eV. Chen and coworkers [670] reported L a 2.9 cV, /p = 5.7 eV based on electrochemical measurements. For the double-layer ITO/PPV/562/A1 device, in which 562 acts as electron transport and hole-blocking layer, Chen and coworkers [670] reported a EL efficiency of 0.12cd/A that is 17 times higher than for an single-layer PPV-based PLED. The improvement in d by a factor of 60 (from 0.004 to 0.25%) for this device configuration was demonstrated by Monkman and coworkers [665]. 

SCH EME 3.95 Highly efficient red fluorescent emitting materials and the device configuration structure. 

External QE of device with pure host blue polymer in same device configuration as doped polymer ETO/PVK/host... 

The detection performance of an LIF photometric device is governed by the emission filter(s), excitation filter(s), detector type, the excitation source and the detection scheme. The selection of optical elements and device configuration as it relates to the detection performance is further described by expanding the collection efficiency term in Equation 11.3 ... 

The behavior of these metals, in fact, must be carefully checked in the actual device configurations on account of the simultaneous presence of two different metals — conductor plus diffusion barrier—which induces different electrochemical potentials. As an example, the difference of behavior of copper in HF-based chemistry (pH = 7) with or without titanium nitride is illustrated in Fig. 4. According to the Pourbaix diagram, at this pH the copper is theoretically passivated by CuO as verified by the slight increase of copper layer thickness. But in presence of titanium nitride copper is severely corroded. 

Saudari SR, Lin Y-J, Lai Y, Kagan CR (2010) Device configurations for ambipolar transport in flexible pentacene transistors. Adv Mater 44 5063-5068... 

A fully automated two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) system for rapid and reproducible protein analysis is described. 2DE that is a combination of isoelectric focusing (lEE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is widely used for protein expression analysis. Here, all the operations are achieved in a shorter time and all the transferring procedures are performed automatically. The system completed the entire process within 1.5 h. A device configuration, operational procedure, and data analysis are described using this system. 

In an attempt to find most efficient corona discharge device for xerographic-spectroscopic purposes, it seems necessary (as the author [4] did) to try various device configurations utilizing sharp pin(s) and wire(s) as the corona emitter. The schematic sketches of three corona devices are shown in Fig. 5.2. 

Charge Transport in Device Configuration Versus Charge Transfer... 

The fundamentals of these technologies are described, including membrane polymers and device configurations, as well as complete system design considerations. 

The following table summarizes the important physical characteristics of the various membrane element device configurations available today ... 

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