Tuberculosis medications

Chanprapaph K, Roongpisuthipong W, Thadanipon K. Annular leukocytoclastic vascuUtis associated with anti-tuberculosis medications a case report. J Med Case Rep 2013 7(1) 34. 

This Tuberculosis Exposure Control Plan applies to all areas of this practice where exposure to pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis may occur. It is intended to prevent transmission of pulmonary Mycobacterium TB from infected individuals to susceptible hosts. All employees must comply with this plan. TB precautions are not necessary if the patient is on anti-tuberculosis medications (and compliant) and has no symptoms such as coughing, night sweats, weight loss, or fever. Person(s) responsible for this plan are listed below ... 

The article translated by H. Umezawa, with other related papers, was widely distributed to many universities and institutes, and this, with the establishment of the Penicillin Committee, opened the door for antibiotics in Japan. Hamao s premonition that microbes would be a mysterious box, full of hitherto unknown and valuable compounds, was very exciting. He was dissatisfied with the Japanese medical world at the time, which laid emphasis on the diagnosis and elucidation of diseases, but not on effective cure of patients having, for example, tuberculosis. 

O Tuberculosis (TB) is the most prevalent communicable infectious disease on earth and remains out of control in many developing nations. These nations require medical and financial assistance from developed nations in order to control the spread of tuberculosis globally. 

Infectious Disease Pharmacokinetics Laboratory National Jewish Medical and Research Center Denver, Colorado Chapter 72 Tuberculosis... 

A study of 484 tuberculosis patients on isoniazid showed that the development of peripheral neuropathy in a subgroup of patients was due to inherited differences in the acetylation of this medication [4], Individuals could be divided into rapid or slow acetylators of isoniazid. Family studies showed that rapid or slow acetylation status was inherited, with rapid acetylation being dominant and slow acetylation recessive. Polyneuritis was found to occur in 4 out of 5 slow acetylators, while only 2 out of 10 rapid acetylators developed polyneuritis. The rapid acetylators also tolerated longer courses of the drug [4],... 

A native of England, Roy Bolbery, forty-two when interviewed, was ill throughout his childhood in London. At age six he had a severe adverse reaction to penicillin. His sleep frequently was interrupted by night terrors. And during the day he would suddenly feel ill for no apparent reason. The outcome of many medical tests was a diagnosis of mild epilepsy. His sister died in childhood of leukemia. His father suffered with tuberculosis. 

Despite tlie high toxicity of phosphorus, it was formerly a widely used pharmaceutical, happily in quite small doses (though happier would have been no dose at all). It was recommended for nervous breakdown, depression, migraine, epilepsy, stroke, pneumonia, alcoholism, tuberculosis, cholera, and cataracts. " Free Phosphorus in Medicine, published in 1874, extolled its benefits. By 1930, elemental phosphorus was eliminated from the practice of medicine. That is entirely appropriate since it has absolutely no medical benefits. 

Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (MAOis). The first antidepressant discovered was iproniazid. This medication was developed in the early 1950s as a treatment for tuberculosis but was unexpectedly found to improve mood in depressed patients. It was later found that its antidepressant effect was due to its action on the MAO enzymes. Unfortunately, iproniazid was subsequently found to cause liver damage and was withdrawn from the market. 

Scarpa, L. (1908). Industria DelTamianto e tuberculosi, p. 358. Proceedings of the 18th International Medical Congress, pp. 247-253. 

Medical Research Council Streptomycin in Tuberculosis Trials Committee. Streptomycin treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Br Med J 1948 ii 769-82. 

Isoniazid, the hydrazide of isonicotinic acid was introduced into medical practice for treating tuberculosis in 1953. Isoniazid exhibits bactericidal action on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It inhibits the synthesis of mycoUc acid, an important component of the cell membrane of mycobacteria. Mycolic acid is specific only to mycobacteria, and it is the cause of the selective toxicity of the drag with respect to these microorganisms. 

Treatment of active pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (including renal disease) when organisms are susceptible, after failure of adeguate treatment with the primary medications. Use in conjunction with other effective chemotherapy. P.1017... 

Similar to the discovery of other psychiatric medications, the mood-enhancing effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were identified serendipi-tously mood improvements were observed in patients with tuberculosis treated with iproniazid (Bloch et ah, 1954) The early enthusiasm for the MAOIs was based on significant and unprecedented antidepressant effects and the link between antidepressant efficacy and their... 

At the end of World War I, medical thought was turning to the possibility that soldiers who had been gassed with mustard, chlorine, phosgene, and other agents would develop tuberculosis. In the early postwar years, publications described efforts to identify cases of tuberculosis among gas casualties. The expected epidemic failed to appear, and attention subsided. More extensive studies, such as that of Beebe, were initiated.1 Gradually, mustard gas became the... 

Clozapine is contraindicated in patients who have myeloprohf-erative disorders or who are immunocompromised as a result of diseases such as active tuberculosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection because of their increased risk for agranulocytosis. Concomitant administration of medications that are associated with bone marrow suppression, such as carbamazepine, is also contraindicated. 

Fever, skin rashes, and other allergic manifestations may result from hypersensitivity to streptomycin. This occurs most frequently with prolonged contact with the drug either in patients who receive a prolonged course of treatment (eg, for tuberculosis) or in medical personnel who handle the drug. Desensitization is occasionally successful. 

Tuberculosis Persons with positive tuberculin skin tests and one or more of the following (a) HIV infection, (b) close contacts with newly diagnosed disease, (c) recent skin test conversion, (d) medical conditions that increase the risk of developing tuberculosis, (e) age < 35 Isoniazid, rifampin, or pyrazinamide Excellent... 

Until the role of echinacea in immune modulation is better defined, this agent should be avoided in patients with immune deficiency disorders (eg, AIDS, cancer), autoimmune disorders (eg, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis), and patients with tuberculosis. While there are no reported drug interactions for echinacea, some preparations have a high alcohol content and should not be used with medications known to cause a disulfiram-like reaction. In theory, echinacea should also be avoided in persons taking immunosuppressant medications (eg, organ transplant recipients). 

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