Trilaurin

Mascaramatic mascaras have the largest share of the market. Emulsion mascaramatics are cream-type mascaras dispensed from containers that include a closure provided with a wand ending in a small bmsh. In solvent mascaramatics, mascara masses are pigment suspensions in thickened hydrocarbon solvents such as isoparaffins and petroleum distillates. The thickeners include waxes (microcrystalline [63231 -60-7] camauba [8015-86-9] or ouricury [68917-70-4], polymers (hydrogenated polyisobutene [61693-08-1]), and esters (propylene glycol distearate [6182-11-2] or trilaurin [538-24-9]). 

Trilaurin 0 CH2-0-C-CnH23 0 II CH-0-C-CnH23 0 II ch2-o-c-c,h23 Trilinolein 0 II ch2-o-c-c17h3I 0 II ch-o-c-c,7h3I 0 II ch2-o-c-cI7h31... 

Tsuj i and Robertson achieved the separation of neomycin B, neomycin C and neamine as the trimethylsilyl ethers on a 6ft. column of 0.75% OV-1 on Gas Chrom Q at a temperature of 290°C. The same conditions have also been shown to separate neobiosamine B, neosamine and deoxystreptamine from neomycin and neamine. Hence the method could be used to study the stability of neomycin or to monitor the biosynthetic production process. Use of the procedure to assess the stability of neomycin in pharmaceutical formulations has been demonstrated by Van Giessen and Tsuji237 with trilaurin as internal standard. However,these authors recommended a 2ft. column packed with 3%... 

Trilaurin (Dynasan 112) Trimyristin (Dynasan 114) Tripalmitin (Dynasan 116) Hard fat (Witepsol H42) Hard fat (Witepsol W35)... 

Eight binary systems are reported. Six include cholesterol as one component of the mixed film. The second components in these six films were myristic acid, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, 1,2-dimyristin, 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-lecithin, and l,2-didecanoyl-3-lecithin. In addition, the systems trilaurin-dimyristoyl lecithin and triolein-dimyristoyl lecithin... 

Figure 7. Mixed monolayers of trilaurin-l,2-dimyristoyl-3-lecithin system at 24.5°C., pH 6, and 5 dynes per cm.

Table II. Thermodynamic Excess Functions for an Equimolar Mixed Monolayer of Trilaurin—Dimyristoyl Lecithin...

Figure 10. Surface pressure-area and surface potential-area plots for 1,2-dimyristol-3-lecithin, trilaurin, and a 1 to 1 molar mixture at 5°C.

We also report here mean molecular area plots for two further systems which exhibited Type III behavior trilaurin-dimyristoyl lecithin... 

The results obtained at surface pressures of 5 and 10 dynes per cm. are complicated by the fact that the trilaurin has undergone a two-dimensional condensation at 5°C., and we will not attempt interpretation at this time. A complete understanding of the molecular interactions involved in such mixed films must await a deeper insight into the interactions involved in films of pure components. We are presently attempting to evaluate such interactions by a thermodynamic study of compression of single-component films (5), with the ultimate objective of obtaining a fuller understanding of mixed films on a molecular basis. 

They studied the effect of the mass detectors drift tube temperature on the low-molecular-mass TGs. Solutions of 10 mg/ml of tributyrin, tricaproin, tricaprylin, tricaprin, and trilaurin were injected twice at each of the following drift tube temperatures 20,25, 30,45, and 60°C. Five replications of the HPLC analysis were performed for one sample of ewe s milk fat to determine the reproducibility of the HPLC method. The TG composition was estimated in accordance with the method based on the calculation of the equivalent carbon numbers (ECNs) of the HPLC chromatographic peaks and in the molar composition in fatty acids, analyzed by GLC, collected at the HPLC chromatograph outlet. The HPLC fractions were collected every 40 s at the outlet of the column after 14 min there were no peaks before that time. 

Standards with retention times shorter than 70 min (tributyrin, tricaproin, tricaprylin, tripelargonin, tricaprin, trilinolenin, trimyristolein, and trilaurin) were used to calculate the first a coefficient. The resulting equations were as follows ... 

The crystallization kinetics of bulk triglycerides and oil-in-water emulsions has been characterized by both NMR imaging and localized spectroscopy. The rate of lipid crystallization in an oil-in-water emulsion was affected by the addition of a second homopolymer (addition of trilaurin to trimyristin in this case). The addition of the second homopolymer of higher chain length was observed to slow the rate of crystallization [26]. 

Cebula et al(1990) compared SANS curves from trilaurin at different temperatures. They interpreted the results in terms of molecular-sized voids within the crystalline material. 

Miller et al. (1991) demonstrated the effect of increased hydrolysis once an optimal amount of water has been added when they studied the inter-esterification of the triglycerides trilaurin and myristic acid. The observed rate of inter-esterification decreased to approximately one-third of its original rate when the water content was reduced from 1.75 (grams water per kilogram carbon dioxide) to zero. They also showed that the amount of hydrolysis increased about 10% as the water content increased. Knez et al. (1998) also found that the addition of small amounts of water increased the conversion rate when they studied the esterification of oleic acid with oleyl alcohol. 

Lypozyme IM-20 (Mucor miehei lipase immobilized on a weak anion-exchange resin) was kindly supplied by Novo Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). The gas chromatography (GC) standards (mono-, di-, and trilaurin) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Analytical-grade glycerol, lauric acid (99.9%), n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and ethanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 

Lauric acid and mono-, di-, and trilaurin were analyzed by capillary GC according to the method described by Langone and Sant Anna (9). All concentrations were calculated as molar fractions from the peak area using calibration curves. 

The enzymatic synthesis of monolaurin was quantified in terms of molar fraction of each component in the nonpolar phase (lauric acid, mono-, di-, and trilaurin), and monolaurin molar fraction was chosen to define the best reaction conditions. The selectivity parameter, defined as the ratio between concentrations of monolaurin and total concentration of reaction products (mono-, di-, and trilaurin), was also evaluated. 

Considering the results presented, the best experimental conditions used for monolaurin synthesis were 55°C, an enzyme concentration of 3% (w/w), and use of the stoichiometric molar ratio of reagents. Figure 7 shows the nonpolar phase for monolaurin synthesis under these conditions. The final product, obtained after 6 h of reaction, was 45.5% monolaurin, 26.8% dilaurin, 3.1% trilaurin, and 24.6% lauric acid. 

Fig. 3.4 Effect of triacylglyc-erols on the bilayer to HM phase transition temperature of DEPE (A, trilaurin ...

This fatty acid specificity may lead to the assumption that the activity in acidolysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids would be negligible. We have tested the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids isolated from menhaden oil into trilaurin, and found that both immobilized Lipase A and the immobilized crude enzyme are quite active, and more active than the immobilized Mucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme). 

TG Standards (13) Obtain tricaproin (tri-C6), triheptanoin (tri-C7), tricaprylin (tri-C8), trinonanoin (tri-C9), tricaprin (tri-CIO), triundecanoin (tri-Cll), trilaurin (tri-C12), tritridec-anoin (tri-C13), trimyristin (tri-C14), tripentadecanoin (tri-CIS), tripalmitin (tri-C16), triheptadecanoin (tri-C17), and tristearin (tri-C18) with a minimum purity of 99% (available from Nu Check Prep., Inc., Elysian, MN). 

Quite recently, van Langevelde et al. examined the crystal structures of the p form of tripalmitin (PPP) in comparison with the results of tricaprin (CCC) (38, 39), trilaurin (LLL) (36), and predicted the p form structure of trimyristin (MMM) (38). As shown in Table 1, the unit cell parameters, double-chain length structure, and T// subcell structure of the three TAGs are almost the same, except... 

TABLE 1. Unit Cell Parameters of p Form of Tricaprin (CCC), Trilaurin (LLL), and Tripalmitin (PPP) (V Unit Cell Volume, D Density). 

The various triacylglycerol (TAG) components of coconut oil may be separated and quantified by gas chromatography with the use of stable silicon gum stationary phase under temperature-programed conditions and identified by reference to standard TAG solutions. The carbon number of a TAG component is the sum of carbon atoms of the fatty acids attached to the glycerol moiety. For example, the carbon numbers of trilaurin and oleodistearin are 36 and 54, respectively. The relative amounts of each TAG in a sample of fat serves to establish its identity. For coconut oil, this test may also serve to distinguish it from other lauric oils (see Table 4 and Figure 5). 

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