1,1-Trichloroethane

1- Trichloroethane is produced by photochemical chlorination of 1,1-dichloroe-thane, which is obtaind by the addition of HCl to vinylchloride in presence of a catalyst 

The direct synthesis by chlorination of ethane is also employed 

Uses 1,1,1-trichloroethane was used as a solvent in numerous industrial applications such as cold and hot cleaning, vapor degreasing and in textile processing and dry cleaning. Fluorochlorohydrocarbons were made from it. The world capacity in 1984 amounted to 600 000 tonnes per year. 

1-trichloroethane and its fluorochlorohydrocarbon derivates have an ozone depletion potential, therefore the production ceased for uses which might lead to difluse emissions by end of 1995 under regulations of the European Union [356]. Today, its role as a consumer for chlorine is low, but it is still used in production of HCFC 1415 

2-dichloroethenes are commercially unimportant, because they do not polymerize. Obtained as byproducts from the manufacture of other chlorinated hydrocarbons, they are used as feed stock for the synthesis of tri- or perchloroethenes. 

Uses 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a colorless, nonflammable liquid with a sweet smell similar to that of chloroform. It is absorbed by the system mainly by inhalation but also can penetrate the skin. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane does not occur naturally in the environment. It is found in many common products such as glue, paint, industrial degreasers, and aerosol sprays. In view of its impact on the ozone layer, all attempts have been made to stop its production in different countries of the world.116 1163 125 

Toxicity Any acute exposure to vapors of 1,1,1-trichloroethane leads to irritation of the nose, throat, and eyes, and results in headaches. Exposure to high concentrations or vapors of 1,1,1-trichloroethane is known to cause damage to the CNS, leading to behavioral disorders, dizzy spells, sleepiness, and, in some cases, coma reversible injuries to the liver and kidneys also have been observed. Overexposure of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in occupational/work environments causes headache, CNS depression, irritation to eyes, dermatitis, and cardiac arrhythmias. Effects of repeated or long-term exposure to the solvent causes visual problems, loss of coordination, reduction of the tactile sensitivity of the skin, trembling, giddiness, anxiety, and slowing of the pulse rate. 

Data were last reviewed in lARC (1979) and the compound was classified in lARC Monographs Supplement 7 (1987). 

71-55-6 Chem. Abstr. Name. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane lUPAC Systematic Name. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Synonyms. Chloroethene methyl chloroform 

2 Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass 

Total world demand for 1,1,1-trichloroethane in 1987 was 578 thousand tonnes demand in the United States in 1990 was 280 tliousand tonnes. In 1989, production capacity in the United States was estimated to be 470 thousand tonnes and production capacity outside the United States was estimated to be approximately 454 thousand tonnes. All non-essential emissive uses of 1,1,1-trichloroethane will be phased out by the year 2000 (Snedecor, 1993). Production in the United States in 1993 was reported to be 205 246 tonnes (United States International Trade Commission, 1994). 

No national estimates of exposure were available to the Working Group. 

Stability (accelerated oxidation test) Passes MIL-T-81533A 

Solvent 111 , General Purpose Grade meets requirements of Federal Specification OT-620c (1,1,1-trichloroethane, technical) and Military Specification MIL-T-81533A (1,1,1-trichloroethane, vapor degreasing ) 

Flash Point None None None None 

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CH2 CCl2- Colourless liquid, b.p. 32°C, manufactured by the dehydrochlorination of trichloroethane. In the presence of light and air, it decomposes with the evolution of HCI, phosgene, and methanal and deposition of some polyvinylidene chloride. Consequently it must be stored away from light and in the presence of dissolved inhibitors (such as phenols and amines). Under the influence of... 

Carbon tetrachloride Ethylene chloride. Trichloroethylene. Propylene chloride. Ethylene chlorobromide 1 1 2-Trichloroethane Trimethylene chloride Tetrachloroethylene Trimethylene chlorobromide sym. Tetrachloroethane 1 4 Dichlorobutane 1 2 3-Trichloropropane Pentachloroothane. ... 

The name D.D.T. is derived from dichlorodiphenylfrichloroethane this is a misnomer since the name represents 27 different compounds. As commonly employed it refers to 2 2-6ts(p-chlorophenyl)-l 1 1-trichloroethane. It is conveniently prepared by the condensation of chlorobenzene and chloral hydrate in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid ... 

The principle of headspace sampling is introduced in this experiment using a mixture of methanol, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, benzene, toluene, and p-xylene. Directions are given for evaluating the distribution coefficient for the partitioning of a volatile species between the liquid and vapor phase and for its quantitative analysis in the liquid phase. Both packed (OV-101) and capillary (5% phenyl silicone) columns were used. The GG is equipped with a flame ionization detector. 

EMI intermediatesynthesis [COMPOSITE MATERIALS - POLYTffiR-MATREI - THERMOSETS] (Vol 7) 4,4pDichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane [50-29-3]... 

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