1,1,1 -trichloroethane biotransformation

Galli R, PL McCarthy (1989) Biotransformation of l,Ll-trichloroethane, trichloromethane, and tetrachloro-methane by a Clostridium sp. Appl Environ Microbiol 55 837-844. 

An anaerobic species of C/os/rMw/ biotransformed 1,1,1-trichloroethane to 1,1-dichloroethane, acetic acid, and unidentified products (Galli and McCarty, 1989). A microcosm composed of... 

Source Vinyl chloride in soil and/or groundwater may form from the biotransformation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (Lesage et al, 1990), trichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene (Smith and Dragun, 1984 Wilson et al, 1986), and from the chemical reduction of trichloroethylene by zero-valent iron (Orth and Gillham, 1996). 

Metabolism following oral exposure is similar to metabolism following inhalation exposure. Reitz et al. (1988) found that approximately 3% of a dose ingested in drinking water by rats was metabolized and excreted as CO2 in expired air or as metabolites in urine. Mice metabolized 1,1,1-trichloroethane more extensively than rats. This is consistent with the metabolic differences between rats and mice following inhalation exposure (Schumann et al., 1982a), implying that mice may be the more sensitive species to effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane that are based on biotransformation. 

Vinylidene chloride is a human-made chemical and is not naturally found in the environment. It can be found from the breakdown of polyvinylidene (PVDC) products, and from the biotic and abiotic breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroe-thene, 1,1,2-trichloroethene, and 1,2-dichloroethane. Biotransformation of the chemical in groundwater can form vinyl chloride through reductive dechlorination, which is subsequently mineralized to carbon dioxide. The major transport process from water, soil and sediment is volatilization. Half-lives of... 

Human and animal studies suggest that large amounts of ingested 1,1, 1-trichloroethane may produce mild hepatotoxicity however, whether 1,1, 1-trichloroethane is an inducer or inhibitor of biotransformation enzymes following oral exposure is unclear. 

Peltola J. 1987. Biotransformation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in aquifers. Ground Water 25 613. 

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