Total World Demand

Capability. The projected production capabihty over the period 1993 through 2010 is about 720,500 t U, about 61% of the projected total demand over the same period. The total annual production capabihty is expected to reach a maximum of about 48,200 t U in the year 2000, when projected total world demand should be about 63,500 t U. The total annual production capabihty is then projected to fall steadily to about 30,500 t U in 2010 (27). 

Iron oxide is also used for nonpigmentary applications, eg, ferrites (qv) and foundry sands making total world demand for iron oxide close to 1 X 10 t. The principal worldwide producers of iron oxide pigments are Bayer AG (ca 300,000 t/yr worldwide), and Harcros Pigments Inc., a subsidiary of Harrisons Crosfield PLC. In the United States, Bayer produces the Bayferrox line of iron oxide pigments in New Martinsville (see Iron compounds). 

The supply and demand for mbidium compounds has grown steadily since the 1970s. In 1979 the U.S. demand was ca 1040 kg of contained mbidium (16), and total world demand was estimated at approximately twice that of the United States. Reserves of mbidium in North America are estimated at 2 X 10 kg the United States is - 100% import-reliant for mbidium, and Canada is the principal source of the raw material (16). The demand for mbidium metal is small compared to the demand for mbidium compounds. Table 2 fists approximate prices of mbidium metal and mbidium compounds. Primary producers of mbidium are Cabot Performance Chemicals (Boyerstown, Pennsylvania), MSA Research Corporation (Callery, Pennsylvania), and CM Chemical Products, Inc. (Berkeley Heights, New Jersey). Research quantities of mbidium in standard and specialized ampuls are available from Strem Chemicals, Inc. (Newburyport, Massachusetts). 

Strong growth in demand during the period 1985—95 from existing and new appHcations led to firm pricing and expansion of world capacity. Total world demand in 1995 was estimated to be approximately 60,000 metric tons. Balance of capacity and demand at that time resulted in a selling price of 16.00/kg. More recently (ca 1997), prices have dropped to less than 10/kg. 

The total world demand for additives is ca. 2 million tonnes per annum (excluding fillers and colorants — with fillers this becomes 20 million tonnes per... 

Total world demand for 1,1,1-trichloroethane in 1987 was 578 thousand tonnes demand in the United States in 1990 was 280 tliousand tonnes. In 1989, production capacity in the United States was estimated to be 470 thousand tonnes and production capacity outside the United States was estimated to be approximately 454 thousand tonnes. All non-essential emissive uses of 1,1,1-trichloroethane will be phased out by the year 2000 (Snedecor, 1993). Production in the United States in 1993 was reported to be 205 246 tonnes (United States International Trade Commission, 1994). 

The anticipated increase in the total world demand for food is shown in Figure 1. This projection calls for an increase in world food production of 20% between 1970 and 1980, and of 72% above the 1970 level by 2000. Expansion in food output to match these needs will undoubtedly be one of the major tasks not only of our generation but of the next several generations to come. 

The United States consumed 98 quads of energy in 2003, approximately 25% of total world demand. Fossil fuels currently supply approximately 86% of United States demand (Figure 2.8) (EIA 2005b). Nuclear s share is 8% renewables, largely hydroelectric, wood, municipal solid waste. 

The total world demand for thermoplastic elastomers, including cdl types, will reach about 1.5 million tons in the year 2000. The annual growth rate of polyolefin based thermoplastic elastomers was 9.1% between 1985 and 1995, and for the next five years growth of about 7.6%/year was forecast (which may be optimistic) by the Freedonia Group (Cleveland, Ohio, USA). The overall market share of the thermoplastic elastomers is about 10% in the nontyre market. 

Overall global demand for PET fiber has been growing at 4% per year. The total world demand for PET is about 45 billion pounds per year. However, in North America, the demand has been rather flat, and plants in 2010 were running at only 80% capacity. 

The electrical electronics sector is the second most important market for polyamide accounting for 24% of total world demand in 2002. The use of PA in electrical applications has grown significantly in recent decades due to its excellent flame retardancy, and good balance of mechanical and thermal properties. Polyamide also permits better functionality and design at a lower cost than competing materials such as thermosets and metal. 

The E E sector is an important market for ABS accounting for 25% of total world demand in... 

E E is the seeond most important market for PBT and represents 32% of total world demand in 2002. 

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