Treated waters steam condensate

Condensate The water returning from the steam user(s). Feedwater The water entering the boiler feed heating system, which will normally be a blend of treated water and condensate. 

Gas prooessmg Gas treating Foaming was caused ly a corrosion inhibitor used in the boiler feed water. Steam condensate used for solvent makeup contained the inhibitor. Beware of external corrosion inhibitors entering a foaming system. 

Process condensate from reforming operations is commonly treated by steam stripping. The stripper is operated at a sufficiently high pressure to allow the overhead stripping steam to be used as part of the reformer steam requirement (71). Contaminants removed from the process condensate are reformed to extinction, so disposal to the environment is thereby avoided. This system not only reduces atmospheric emissions, but contributes to the overall efficiency of the process by recovering condensate suitable for boiler feedwater make-up because the process is a net water consumer. 

Demineralizers are often used to treat raw makeup water or condensate where high purity is required, such as in large central station boHers that operate at high steam pressures. Demineralizers employ a combination of cation and anion exchange to remove additional material, including sodium and ammonium cations. VirtuaHy aH salt anions, such as bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride, are removed and replaced by hydroxide ions in the demineralizer. 

Utility Baiances. The operating company should also require a balance for each plant utility. The most involved of the utility balances is usually the supply/demand steam tabulation showing all levels of steam and condensate and their interactions. The steam balance is almost always required at this stage for any required side studies. The steam balance influences many design parameters, such as boiler size and contingency, treated water makeup rates, blow -down disposal rates, chemicals usage, and surface condenser size. 

It is important for crosstied systems that a sufficient condensate network is provided for balancing the mix of condensate return and makeup treated water as required. The author has seen a system designed with process area and utility area fired boilers of the same pressure. Periodically, the utility area was required to supply makeup steam to balance a shortage in the process area, but no provisions were made to return equivalent condensate from the process to the utility area. The earlier such a mistake is caught, the better. 

Step C Preparation ofthebase-A 300 ml one-necked, round-bottomed flask, equipped with a water-cooled condenser, calcium chloride tube and magnetic stirrer is charged with anhydrous methanol (150 ml) and sodium metal (5.75 g,0.25 g atom). When the reaction is complete, the solution is treated with dry guanidine hydrochloride (26.3 g, 0.275 mol) and stirred for 10 minutes. The sodium chloride that forms is removed by filtration. The solution is concentrated in vacuo to a volume of 30 ml and the residue treated with the product of Step B, heated one minute on a steam bath and kept at 25°C for 1 hour. The product is filtered, washed well with water, dissolved In dilute hydrochloric acid and the free base precipitated by addition of sodium hydroxide to give the amllorlde product base, a solid which melts at 240.5°-241.5°C. 

This cooling water is usually arranged in a closed loop with the water being pumped through secondary coolers or over cooling towers and then returned to the jackets for reuse. Water quality must be good, with steam condensate being preferred, properly treated to prevent corrosion, etc. 

Where the MU water supply to cast-iron boilers does not precisely keep up with steam generation demands, the water level can quickly decrease and the problems become even more acute. Conversely, where MU does precisely keep up with steaming rates and is supplied to a common condensate receiver-FW tank via automatic level control, the tank can easily overfill when condensate finally drains back under on-off operating conditions. This gives rise to a loss of valuable hot, treated water from the system and the start of another chain of cause and effect problems. 

How much steam condensate is your plant recovering Seventy percent is considered pretty good, and 30 percent is, by any standard, pretty awful. As condensate collection flows are rarely metered, here is a really good way to make such an overall measurement (ST = steam TR = treated water) ... 

Loss of steam condensate to the plant s sewer is environmentally wrong, and wastes money for water-treating chemicals and energy. The principal reasons why steam condensate is lost to the sewer are... 

Oidiaal number of steam soak (steam cycle) Number of wells treated again Quantity of steam consum for all of the wells treated, tons Specific consumption of steam per well, toas Quantity of water (sleanr condensate) produced, tons Quantity of additional oil produced, tons Cumulative quantity of additio oil produced, tons Steam /oil factor, tonsi tons Relative additional froducdon of oil per ileam soak, %... 

Treated water. A possible basis of condensing a high-boiHng solvent is to use an evaporative condenser in which the cooling water is evaporated as low pressure steam which is discharged to the atmosphere if no use can be found for it. Some distillation operations give rise to so much condensed steam that the hot well of a boiler which has supplied it is... 

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