Auto-thermal reformer

Recently, more sophisticated reactors, such as the auto thermal reformer, use a burner at the reactor entrance to heat the catalyst bed directly through combustion... 

SMR—steam methane reformer ATR—auto thermal reformer POX—partial oxidation PSA—pressure swing adsorption... 

IFC conducted testing of a 100 kW mobile electric power plant (MEP) with the logistic fuels of JP-8 and DF-2. An auto-thermal reformer that achieved 98% conversion was used to convert the logistic fuel to a methane rich fuel. 

Auto thermal reforming has a theoretical thermally neutral value for y = 1.115. auto thermal reforming typically runs at 700-1000 °C on platinum or rhodium catalysts supported on alumina or other oxides. Since auto thermal reforming reactions are thermally neutral, then feeds must be pre-heated to within 200 °C of the reactor outlet temperature. 

Excess oxygen reacts to form fully oxidized products, thereby reducing the ultimate hydrogen-yield. In the initial stages ofboth partial oxidation and auto thermal reforming, there is a tendency to reduced selectivity, i.e., generating more fully oxidized species. The best catalysts show higher selectivity to less oxidized products ... 

Some companies (for example, Jacobs, Foster - Wheeler, and Lurgi) have gone so far as to propose bypassing some of the natural gas around the primary reformer and feeding it straight to the secondary reformer, which then operates as a quasi-auto-thermal reformer. 

Cavallaro, S., Chiodo, V., Vita, A., and Freni, S. Hydrogen production by auto-thermal reforming of ethanol on Rh/Al203 catalyst. Journal of Power Sources, 2003, 123 (1), 10. 

Another type of steam-reforming reactor that is attracting increasing attention is known as gas heated reformers or heat exchange reformers. In such reformers, heat is transferred by convection and the heat source is a hot process gas from another reformer or a partial oxidation reactor. A number of different installations of heat exchange reformers can be envisaged. In Fig. 5, the installation of a heat exchange reformer either in series or in parallel to an auto-thermal reformer (ATR) is illustrated. 

Depending on the purity of the gas feedstock, there may be pre-treatment of natural gas to remove impurities such as sulphur compounds that will poison catalysts used in subsequent processes. There are three common technologies in use to convert natural gas into syngas steam methane reforming (SMR), partial oxidation (POX) and auto-thermal reforming (ATR). 

Auto-thermal reforming, ATR This process combines elements of both SMR and POX as it uses a catalyst to produce syngas from natural gas in the presence of both steam and oxygen. Reaction (2.7) ... 

Developed a prototype CFD model including all the key elements of auto-thermal reforming (ATR) Developed a model that accounts for fuel atomization and vaporization, partial oxidation, steam gasification, and anode exhaust gas combustion... 

AIR Auto-Thermal Reformer CSA Canadian Standards Association... 

Casale high efficiency design for the auto-thermal reformer (ATR)... 

Methanol Casale SA Methanol Natural gas To produce methanol from natural gas. The process is based on Casale s highly efficient axial-radial pre-reformer, high-efficiency auto-thermal reformer design and plate-cooled technology for the methanol converter 12 2010... 

For synthesis gas with the right stoichiometric composition (molar H2/CO-ratio of about 2.1) as can be obtained by auto-thermal reforming of methane, the water gas shift reaction would not be usefiil, and cobalt catalysts (with no, or almost no water gas shift activity) are suited. 

TABLE 1.1 Typical exit syngas compositions (%) of the ammonia synthesis plant and auto-thermal reforming for H2 production... 

Then they investigated the influence of system parameters on the CO2 membrane reactor performance [41]. They investigated WGS reaction with auto-thermal reforming and steam reforming feeds. The required membrane... 

A part from the steam reforming there are other interesting applications in the petrochemical industry methane dry reforming, catalytic partial oxidation, auto-thermal reforming, water gas shift, H2S cracking, and hydrocarbon dehydrogenation. More details about some of these applications are given in Chaps. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. 

Frusteri F, Freni S, Chiodo V, Donato S, Bonura G, Cavallaro S (2006) Steam and auto-thermal reforming of bio-ethanol over MgO and Ce02 Ni supported catalysts. Int J Hydrogen Energy 31 2193-2199... 

Pre-combustion capture this solution is developed in two phases (i) the conversion of the fuel to a mixture of H2 and CO (syngas mixture) through, e.g. partial oxidation, steam reforming or auto-thermal reforming of hydrocarbons, followed by water-gas... 

Auto-thermal reformer (Manzolini etai, 2013) Thermal input LHV (MW) 37.29 1665.9 0.67 1... 

Looking at TPC for membrane case (Table 14.11), results show that with the assumed permeance and membrane equipment cost, the membrane reactor cost is about 100 M, which corresponds to 20% of the TEC. An improvement of membrane performance and/or a cost reduction are crucial to reduce final investment costs. Moreover, in order to limit the membrane surface area, an oxy-blown auto-thermal reformer was adopted, adding 40 M for the air separation unit. The resulting specific investment cost is higher than post-combustion capture via amine scrubbing (see Table 14.7). 

Manzolini G, Viganb F, 2009. Co-prodnction hydrogen and electricity from an auto-thermal reforming of natural gas by means of Pd-Ag. Energy Procedia, 1, 319-326. doi 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.044. 

---