Transfer hoses

When it is necessary to remove or break into lines, a permit (Section 7.1.4) should be issued. This would establish that all due preparations were made and would require management approval before work began. The specific actions covered would include at least  

Breaking and opening of lines are covered in more detail in Section 4.5.3. 

In small plants and especially in those in which certain items of equipment have multiple uses, temporary connections are relatively common. Transfer hoses are often used to make such connections. This practice increases operating flexibility, reduces costs, and often helps to avoid cross-contamination between batches. However, it also presents new hazards in handling of the hoses, potential exposure to dangerous material, possibly wrong connections at hose switch stations, and more frequent leaks. The use of hard piping cormections is therefore preferable to the use of transfer hoses. If this is not practicable, there should be, at a mmimum, a conscientious program of replacement, inspection, maintenance, and proof of correct connection of hoses. 

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Spills and releases from transfer hoses during decoupling operations Subsurface disposal of materials containing hazardous substances... 

Pipework and transfer hoses should be as short as possible, free from sharp bends and deadspots and routinely cleaned and sterilised with a biocide solution. Hoses should be stored in such a way (Figure 13) as to allow them to drain and avoid becoming a source of infection. 

Passage of thionyl chloride through a flexible metal transfer hose which was contaminated with water or sodium hydroxide solution caused the hose to burst. Interaction with water violently decomposes the chloride to hydrogen chloride (2 mol) and sulfur dioxide (1 mol), the total expansion ratio from liquid to gas being 993 1 at 20° C, so very high pressures may be generated. 

On August 14, 2002, a 1-in chlorine transfer hose (CTH) used in a rail-car offloading operation at DPC Enterprises in Festus, Missouri, catastrophically ruptured and initiated a sequence of events that led to the release of 48,000 lb of chlorine into neighboring areas. The material of construction of the ruptured hose was incorrect. The distributor fabricated bulk CTH with Schedule 80 Monel 400 end fittings and a high-density polyethylene spiral guard. Three hoses were shipped directly to the Festus facility from the distributor two were put into service on June 15, 2002. The hose involved in the incident failed after 59 days in service. 

Transfer The process of moving a liquid, gas, or some forms of solids from a leaking or damaged container to a secure container. Care must be taken to ensure the pump, transfer hoses and fittings, and the container selected are compatible with the hazardous materials. When hazardous substances are transferred, proper concern to electrical continuity (bonding/grounding) must be observed. 

Sequence errors are tasks done out of order, such as disconnecting a chemical transfer hose before depressuring it. Although someone may make a sequence error simply because of not thinking, other reasons might include improper training, out of sequence prompt, failure to understand the sequence importance, or misguided improvement attempts. 

Little is known about fuel transfer hose compatibility with ethanol. Some of the hoses used for gasoline may be adequate. Experience has demonstrated that dispensing hose made for gasoline will tolerate gasoline that has 10 volume percent ethanol [3.10]. Suppliers of fuel hose should be consulted when choosing hose that will be used for transferring ethanol. 

Physically, vegetable oils and their methyl and ethyl esters are very similar to diesel fuel. There has been no indication that any of the metals currently used in the distribution, storage, dispensing, or onboard fuel systems for diesel fuel would not be compatible with vegetable oil fuels. However, there are reports of some signs of incompatibilities with fuel transfer hoses [3.15], and nitrile and butadiene elastomers [3.16] with methyl esters. Elastomers with high fluorine... 

Swing lines made up of pipe with flexible joints and provided with a counterbalance is the preferred method of transferring hazardous chemicals into or from a tank vehicle. Hoses, no matter how thoroughly reinforced, have lower pressure capability and are easily damaged in use. Rupture of transfer hose is a not uncommon cause of employee injury or spill of product. Metallic tubing with braided exterior has admirable qualities, but a sharp bend, particularly near the end, causes weakening and failure, which is often neglected before the failure. 

Few conclusive studies have identified the source or spread of Brettanomyces within the vineyard except for use of contaminated equipment. Contaminated and improperly sanitized crush equipment, drains, barrels, transfer hoses, valves, pumps, and bottling equipment can all act as sources for further infection (33). Harper (67) found the interior surface of plastic (polyvinyl chloride, polyethene, and plasticised nylon) pipes used commonly in the brewing industry maintained a variety of bacteria and yeast populations, including Brettanomyces. 

To ensure that only the finer fraction of the sediment slurry was processed, a shipboard centrifugal cone separator was connected to the slurry transfer hose to remove the coarse-sediment fraction. The cone separator was a 101.6-mm diameter, urethane-coated centrifugal cone (Demco 275). Under a normal operational pressure of 221 kPa the cone separator is capable of delivering 57.0 L/min of sediment slurry, whose sediment particle size ranged from 2 to 32 jitm as measured on the particle data Model 111 analyzer. 

Confirm that back-up equipment is available, e.g., pumps, transfer hoses, portable vessels. 

Hypalon finds useful applications in many industries and many fields. Because of its outstanding resistance to oxidizing acids, it has found widespread use as an acid transfer hose. For the same reason, it is used to line railroad tanks cars and other tanks containing adds and other oxidizing chemicals. Its physical and mechanical properties make it suitable for use in hose undergoing continuous flexing and/or those carrying hot water or steam. 

Transfer hoses should have bursting pressures not less than five times the maximum relief device setting on the connected tank. Minimum design pressures are 2,586 kPa (375 psig) for rail or road tanker service and 2,086 kPa (300 psig) for barge service (P6). Other characteristics of metal hoses should be ... 

Chlorine Transfer Hose Failure, Safety Advisory No 2002-01-SA, U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board, Washington, DC (2002). 

DPC Enterprises did not have provisions to ensure the chlorine transfer hose met specifications. The out of spec stainless steel 316L hose structural braiding appeared identical to the... 

A transfer hose failed and sprayed an operator across the chest and face with a small amount of liquid phosgene. Sadly, the operator later died from the exposure the next day [5],... 

The flexible transfer hose was 300mm (I foot) long and formed part of the transfer line. It was there to provide flexibility because the reactor is on load cells. Anaylsis of the process software identified that high temperature in the receiving vessel tripped the transfer which led the tranter line to be hydraulically locked. The line is both electrically and steam traced to prevent the material solidifying but it had no pressure relief route existed on the line [8J. 

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