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Catastrophic rupture

Damaged to such an extenUhat catastrophic rupture is possible. [Pg.13]

Catastrophic rupture of a pressure vessel as a result of a PV rupture or physical explosion may also result in blast and fragment effects. [Pg.93]

Catastrophic rupture of a tank. It may be the result of a manufacturing defect, abusive handling or stress fracture, puncture by a sharp object, or external fire combined with failure of pressure relief device to open. [Pg.562]

Since a catastrophic rupture is rather unlikely, failure modes resulting in large or slow hydrogen release have been identified experimentally. Countermeasures to avoid the preceding failure modes could be for instance... [Pg.562]

For mechanical explosions a reaction does not occur and the energy is obtained from the energy content of the contained substance. If this energy is released rapidly, an explosion may result. Examples of this type of explosion are the sudden failure of a tire full of compressed air and the sudden catastrophic rupture of a compressed gas tank. [Pg.276]

On August 14, 2002, a 1-in chlorine transfer hose (CTH) used in a rail-car offloading operation at DPC Enterprises in Festus, Missouri, catastrophically ruptured and initiated a sequence of events that led to the release of 48,000 lb of chlorine into neighboring areas. The material of construction of the ruptured hose was incorrect. The distributor fabricated bulk CTH with Schedule 80 Monel 400 end fittings and a high-density polyethylene spiral guard. Three hoses were shipped directly to the Festus facility from the distributor two were put into service on June 15, 2002. The hose involved in the incident failed after 59 days in service. [Pg.6]

The large scale molecular motions which take place in the rubber plateau and terminal zones of an uncross-linked linear polymer give rise to stress relaxation and thereby energy dissipation. For narrow molecular weight distribution elastomers non-catastrophic rupture of the material is caused by the disentanglement processes which occur in the terminal zone, e.g., by the reptation process. In practical terms it means that the green strength of the elastomer is poor. [Pg.48]

The Federal safety standards included in 49 C.F.R. 193 (1990) define four classes of impounding systems ranging from dikes constructed within 24 inches of the component served to remote impounding spaces (see 49 CFR 193.2153). The structural requirements specify performance reliability and integrity as a result of imposed loading caused by a full liquid head of spilled material, erosive spill action, thermal gradients, fire exposure, and catastrophic rupture of storage or transport vessels into or near the system (see 49 C.F.R. 193.2155). [Pg.96]

In early July 1991, local newspapers provided detailed accounts of the vessel rupture mechanism. The large vertical pressure vessel that catastrophically ruptured was called an F-7 Slurry Drum, and its function was to separate heavy oil and catalyst dust. Newspapers... [Pg.72]

The culprit was determined to be a remote start button that allowed the liquid-filled pump to start and run undetected and isolated for a significant length of time. The trapped liquid continued to heat, expand, and boil, creating pressures sufficient to allow a catastrophic rupture of the pump. [Pg.170]

It is of interest not only to perforate vesicle membranes but also to destroy them after they have served their purpose as transport vehicles, in particular for DNA. Natural vesicles, so-called endosomes, contain about 50% cholesterol. The disruption of such cholesterol-containing lipid bilayers by Triton XI00 or sodium deoxycholate, examples of artificial and natural detergents, results in a leaky membrane at low concentration and in a catastrophic rupture process above the cmc of the amphiphiles. Vesicles made of fluid phospholipid bilayers devoid of cholesterol showed only leakiness under the same conditions. Amphiphiles with a carboxylate end group and a very bulky hydrophobic end (e.g., with two tert. butyl groups) disrupt membranes at pH 5 and have no effect above pH 7 (harpoons). For an example, see Figure 6.5.3. [Pg.127]

Low-pressure gas distribution pipeline failures result in leaks rather than catastrophic ruptures. The main concern is that a leak goes undetected and the gas collects in a confined space, eventually igniting and causing an explosion. [Pg.255]

The probability of a catastrophic rupture is determined by the probability associated to presence of cracks in the original component detection of them during the pre-operational and in-service inspections growth of cracks in service toughness of the material measured by the critical stress intensity factor (see Appendix 7 on Fracture Mechanics) stresses from normal operation transients and accidents. [Pg.122]

It is obvious that below the transition temperature a crack which reaches a super-critical size may propagate and cause the brittle and catastrophic rupture of the vessel and, moreover, the stresses for which a crack becomes critical are lower. [Pg.124]

In the present context, it is important to recall that two types of BLEVEs are usually defined cold or unfired BLEVE, and hot or fired BLEVE. The first one is due to an impact in a road accident or to tank material defects. The second is thermally induced and may occur if the tank is exposed to an external fire (e.g., pool-fire or jet-fire). In the latter case, fire exposure causes a vessel wall temperature increase in the vapour space, decreasing mechanical resistance. Meanwhile, the internal pressure and the liquid temperature both increase, causing more severe tensions on the structure, which could loose its integrity in a catastrophic rupture. [Pg.914]

The present case study deals with the risk assessment and management due a possible toxic release fiwm a chemical plant, which is expected to cause fatalities in a nearby population (Fig. 1). The accidental scenario considered in this study is the catastrophic rupture of a tank containing a gaseous toxic industrial chemical (TIC), caused by the failure of the pressure control system of the tank. After the rupture, a toxic cloud is formed instantly and dragged by the wind over the local population. [Pg.924]

The pressure control system is considered faded, to cause the catastrophic rupture of the tank, if the main feeding line to the neutralizer is unavailable. In other words, the failiue occurs if at least one of... [Pg.924]

To quantify the effect of a measure on the failure frequency it is necessary to determine the scenarios (see Table 1) for which the measure is relevant and to determine the reduction factor of the failure frequency. The reduction factor depends on the relative contribution of a failure cause to the failure frequency. For example, if overfilling is the dominant failure cause for the scenario Catastrophic rupture - 10 minutes , implementation o f corro sion mitigating measure s will have a very limited effect on the failure frequency of this scenario. Therefore, the standard failure frequency of each scenario has to be proportioned to the failure causes. [Pg.1043]

The standard scenario Catastrophic rupture Instantaneous is representative for the category release of the complete inventory in a short time period ... [Pg.1043]

Based on the incident descriptions, the primary cause and the base cause for each incident were determined. The result is shown in Table 3, 4 and 5 for the standard scenarios Catastrophic rupture - Instantaneous , Catastrophic rupture 10 minutes and Small leak 10 mm hole , respectively. [Pg.1043]

Table 4. Classification of primary causes and base causes for the standard scenario Catastrophic rupture -10 minutes . Table 4. Classification of primary causes and base causes for the standard scenario Catastrophic rupture -10 minutes .

See other pages where Catastrophic rupture is mentioned: [Pg.41]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.152]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.72]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.64]    [Pg.425]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.41]    [Pg.401]    [Pg.327]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.446]    [Pg.446]    [Pg.446]    [Pg.446]    [Pg.446]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.119]    [Pg.914]    [Pg.924]    [Pg.1042]    [Pg.1042]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.114 ]




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