Transcutaneous electric

Skarke C, Darimont J, Schmidt H, et al Analgesic effects of morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide in a transcutaneous electrical pain model in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 73 107—121, 2003... [Pg.108]

I exercise, and following a low-fat vegetarian diet all have been shown to reduce the intensity of the dysmenorrhea.17,28 Dietary changes also may shorten the duration of dysmenorrhea. These interventions require little time and minimal cost and are associated with little risk. Other nonpharmacologic options that may be considered before or, in most cases, after a trial of pharmacologic interventions include the use of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), acupressure, and acupuncture.17... [Pg.761]

Rat transcutaneous electrical resistance (TER) skin corrosivity test EU, US... [Pg.80]

To test the irritancy potential of substances, two tests which can reliably distinguish between skin corrosives and noncorrosives are endorsed by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). The testing procedures are based on the transcutaneous electrical resistance (TER) measurements of rat skin and on a human skin model. Both test systems [141-145] will be briefly outlined below. Nevertheless, these tests are not suited for the group of mild irritants which do not induce an acute effect on the barrier function. For those substances, new markers need to be evaluated. First results are available for heat shock protein 27 where higher levels were observed in skin models after exposure to mildly irritating chemicals [146, 147]. [Pg.21]

OECD. Test guideline 430 In Vitro Skin Corrosion Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance, OECD, Paris, 2004. [Pg.32]

ECVAM. News and Views. Statement on the scientific validity of the rat skin transcutaneous electrical resistance (TER) test (an in vitro test for skin corrosivity). ATLA 26 275-280 (1998). [Pg.32]

ICCVAM has validated three tests for dermal corrosion, including Corrositex , EPISKIN / EpiDerm, and Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance (TER). [Pg.60]

Two in vitro tests for the assessment of skin corrosion, the Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance [TER] Assay (TG 430) and the human Skin Model Test (TG 431) (Section... [Pg.61]

In vitro skin corrosion Transcutaneous electrical resistance test (TER)... [Pg.113]

The OECD and EU have developed specific test guidelines for in vitro/ex vivo testing of skin corrosion, the Transcutaneous Electrical Tesistance (TER) Test and the Human Skin Model Test (see Table 4.7). In fact, the EU Annex V, B.40 test guideline includes the two adopted OECD in vitro tests for skin corrosion (TG 430 and 431). OECD has also developed a third test guideline for skin corrosion, the In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test this test guideline has not yet been adopted. [Pg.114]

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test Guideline... [Pg.449]

Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (non-spinal cord) as a general analgesic percutaneous electric nerve stimulation for migraine headaches... [Pg.83]

Coletta, R., Maggiolo, F., Di Tizio, S. Etofenamate and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation treatment of painful spinal syndromes, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res. 1988, 8, 295-298. [Pg.116]

It is noteworthy that some therapeutic applications, such as transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation, involve application to the skin of electric pulses of up to hundreds of volts [5], However, a safety limitation is the major concern associated with the use of electroporation, even though several reports indicated that the damage to the skin was mild and reversible [16,23]. The only skin alteration seen with electroporation was slight erythema that decreased within a few hours [34]. Patients submitted to electrochemotherapy seemed to tolerate well the application of 10,000 V/cm for 100 p,s square-wave pulses [35]. However, to avoid pain during electroporation, milder conditions such as lower voltage, shorter pulses, or improved electrode design could be used [36]. [Pg.305]

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS] Decreased pain Opioid and nonopioid analgesics Opioid antagonists (naloxone) -... [Pg.656]

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 430 in vitro Skin Corrosion — Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER), Paris, France, 2002a. [Pg.413]

Mrs KR should be advised to try and lose weight. She may wish to discuss the possibility of physiotherapy treatment with her GP. Patients should be encouraged to exercise gently and that exercise should include local muscle stretching and general aerobic exercise. The use of heat and cold therapy may help, as may ultrasound. Some patients may find a TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) machine is helpful. [Pg.266]

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) helps some sufferers it may act by promoting the release of endorphins. Ketamine (see p. 353) or lidocaine (Ugnocaine) (by i.v. infusion) are used in special circumstances. Pain due to nerve compression may be reUeved by a corticosteroid injected loccally. [Pg.325]

Transcutaneous electrical resistance assay - mouse skin disk Corrosion... [Pg.2726]

Dietary supplements such as thiamine, calcium, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, and herbal products have been reported to be effective in the treatment of both premenstrual and menstrual pain syndromes, but few have been evaluated for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Other modes of therapy for menstrual pain include biofeedback, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, spinal manipulation, and application of local heat. Acupuncture has been... [Pg.1475]

Wilson M, Farquhar C, Kennedy S, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhea. Cochrane Review 2001 2. [Pg.1482]

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