Training risk minimisation

The manufacture of sterile products is subject to special requirements in order to minimise risks of microbiological contamination, and of particulate and pyrogen contamination. Much depends on the skill, training and attitudes of the personnel involved. Quality Assurance bears a particularly great importance, and this type of manufacture must strictly follow carefully established and validated methods of preparation and procedure. Sole reliance for sterility or other quality aspects must not be placed on any terminal process or finished product test. 

Because these manufacturing processes are susceptible to particulate, pyrogenic and microbiological contamination, the skill, training and attitudes of the personnel involved are critical. Operators should be skilled, disciplined and responsive to supervision. Supervisors should be diligent and dedicated. Managers should communicate goals and provide facilities and systems that preclude or minimise the risk of error. 

Information from sensors can also help to correct an athlete s technique for optimum performance, to manage effort as well as to minimise risk of injury. Conclusions from data analysis can be used to set realistic development targets. Progress can be quantified and mrmitored versus goals during or after each training session. 

Paradoxically, the risk of chemical warfare could even be enhanced by signing the Convention, that is, if nations are lulled into a false sense of security and let their chemical defences lapse. Research and development programmes will have to be preserved to minimise the possibilities of armed forces being surprised by new forms of chemical or biological attack in future battles. Improvements in NBC equipment and training will have to be sustained to raise the demands upon any would-be violator and to offset, at least partially, the consequences of non-compliance by adversaries. Finally, these defensive measures should be complemented throughout the ten years of a Convention by the retention of a eredible deterrent to chemical attack. 

Essential to any strategy is the need to provide those handling or using the substances with information about the substances and training in the techniques necessary to minimise the risks faced. Thus training and instruction should be given in ... 

Citizens often have only a limited chance of avoiding or controlling threats to physical safety. They can be offered a modus operandus, however they can be taught what to do to avoid or to minimise damage. One essential factor is to provide them with proper information about the risks in their environment and their insurance options. Organising drills can help them put the modus operandus into practice. At the moment, practical drills are often left to the professionals. Citizens are not involved and evacuation drills are in fact usually announced in advance so that there is no disruption to everyday life ( remain seated, this is only a drill ). In countries such as Japan and Singapore, it is more customary for people to learn how to cope with physical safety issues and receive training with respect to specific threats. People are more aware of what they are supposed to do. 

Engineering controls should be used to isolate or insulate heat sources from any combustible material or flammable atmospheres >- Hot work should be reduced to a minimum >- Maintain good levels of housekeeping >- Provide safe systems of work that minimise fire risk >- Provide adequate training, instruction and information relating to fire safety... 

Inform and train aii empioyees on the hazards and risks from the substances with which they work and the use of controi measures deveioped to minimise the risks... 

Workers have been given necessary information and training about the hazards and risks, and the control measures used to remove or minimise them... 

Control - the control(s) for each task v/ill take the above factors into account, and will include any necessary review of design and installation, training, introduction of written safe working procedures to minimise risk (which is known as a safe system of work), allocation of supervisory responsibilities, and necessary allocation of finances. 

Until very recently, training of employees to lift concentrated on methods which would allow them to minimise the risks from moving and lifting the heavy loads expected of them. Films and videos explain how these techniques have helped them do the work without injury. Now, however, the aim is to reduce the opportunities for injury by reducing the amount of lifting and moving that the human body is required to do in the work environment. We should be asking not How do I lift this safely but Do I really need to lift this at all . 

Disc cutters must only be used when standing on a firm, level base. Third parties must be kept away from areas where dust or sparks are directed. Equipment and discs must be visually checked by the machine operator for any damage before use. Discs can fracture easily when incorrectly stored, undue pressure is used or they are incorrectly mounted onto the machine. Training and visual inspection can minimise these risks. 

Exposure of a person using work equipment to specified hazards must be prevented by the employer as far as is reasonably practicable, or adequately controlled where it is not (Regulation 12). The protection is to be by provision of personal protective equipment or of information, instruction, training and supervision so far as is reasonably practicable, and is to include measures to minimise the effects of the hazard as well as to reduce the risk. The specified hazards are ... 

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