China against

More important, however, is Milner s joint work with the Keswick family in setting forth the "geopolitical" policy than finds its most succinct expression today in Britain s proposed alliance with China against the Soviet Union. As documented above, that policy includes a free hand for British drag-running. 

IHdtMantliin. The active principle of the traditional Chinese drug Tian Hua Fen (roots of Trichosanthes ki-rilowii, Cucurbitaceae). The drug has been used in China for over 2000 years to induce abortions and for treatment of menstrual complaints. T. is a basic polypeptide of 234 amino acids, Mr 25682, monoclinic crystals. T. inhibits ribosomal protein biosynthesis. It is being clinically tested in China against AIDS Lit. aids 4,1189(1990) AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovinises 10, 413(1994). 

The 1989 peak of 166 x 10 tons in world phosphate rock production was followed by a fall to 120 X 10 tons in 1993, although some individual countries, notably China, have since increased their output considerably. This has led to world recovery, and, according to 2008 estimates (Table 2.8), the previous (1993) total has again been reached [5,5a]. The latest available estimates, for 2009 production, indicate further expansion by China against a background of a slight fall by many other countries. However a steady growth in overall world production is predicted in the present century. 

The seeds of Cuscuta australis as well as of C. chinensis are stiU used as a tonic in Chinese traditional medicine (Miyahara et al. 1996). The roots of Merremia hungaiensis play a role in China against chronic hepatitis, children s tantrums and hernia (Noda et al. 1994b). The tuber of M. mammosa is said to be useful for... 

The high point, before the introduction of modem electrical and oil- or gas-fired kilns, was the development in China of the dragon kiln, a tunnel kiln built against a hillside, with a draft which resulted in the temperatures needed for the firing of porcelain ware. 

Quinacrine (49) is an acridine that was used extensively from the mid-1920s to the end of World War 11. It acts much like chloroquine and is reasonably effective. Because it causes the skin to turn yellow and, in high doses, causes yellow vision, the dmg is no longer in use as an antimalarial. Pyronaridine (77), a 1-azaacridine developed in China, appears to be effective against mefloquine-resistant, but not entirely against chloroquine-resistant, strains of P falciparum. 

Complexed arenediazonium salts are stabilized against photochemical degradation (Bartsch et al., 1977). This effect was studied in the former German Democratic Republic in the context of research and development work on diazo copying processes (Israel, 1982 Becker et al., 1984) as well as in China (Liu et al., 1989). The comparison of diazonium ion complexation by 18-crown-6 and dibenzo-18-crown-6 is most interesting. Becker at al. (1984) found mainly the products of heterolytic dediazoniation when 18-crown-6 was present in photolyses with a medium pressure mercury lamp, but products of homolysis appeared in the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6. The dibenzo host complex exhibited a charge-transfer absorption on the bathochromic slope of the diazonio band. Results on the photo-CIDNP effect in the 15N NMR spectra of isotopically labeled diazonium salts complexed by dibenzo-18-crown-6 indicate that the primary step is a single electron transfer. 

The first commercially available HCH insecticide sometimes misleadingly called benzene hexachloride (BHC) was a mixture of isomers, principally alpha HCH (65-70%), beta HCH (7-10%), and gamma HCH (14-15%). Most of the insecticidal activity was due to the gamma isomer (Figure 5.1), a purified preparation of which (>99% pure) was marketed as lindane. In Western countries, technical HCH was quickly replaced by lindane, but in some other countries (e.g., China) the technical product, which is cheaper and easier to produce, has continued to be used. HCH has been used as a seed dressing, a crop spray, and a dip to control ectoparasites of farm animals. It has also been used to treat timber against wood-boring insects. 

The resurgence of malaria since the 1970s pitted environmentalists against international health officials over the continued use of DDT in poor countries. Each year, malaria infects and enervates half a billion people, roughly 10 percent of Earth s population. It kills up to 2.7 million people annually, mostly small African children and pregnant women. DDT is still used for spraying inside houses in more than two dozen poor countries, including China, India, and Mexico, where approximately 40 percent of the world s population lives. 

In China, the plant affords a tonic remedy particularly recommended for chest complaints. Indonesians use the leaves medicinally because they are strongly aromatic. The pharmacological potentials of this plant are, to date, unknown. Note that 6 3-hydroxy-3-oxo-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid and 3,1 l-dioxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid from the stem bark of Liquidambar styraciflua, as well as 25-acetoxy-3a-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, inhibited the growth of several cancer cell lines (43). What is the activity of 25-acetoxy-3a-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid against topoisomerase ... 

After World War II, the production of pyrethrum in Japan fell markedly and declined to only 1,000 tons in terms of dried flowers in 1965. At present, pyrethrum is not cultivated in Japan and the main producers are Kenya, Tanzania, Tasmania, and China, with worldwide production in 2010 amounting to around 10,000 tons of dried flowers. Dried flowers are extracted and purified at pyrethrum-extracting factories on the spot, producing 25-50% pyrethrin extracts. While pyrethrum extracts have been replaced with various synthetic pyrethroids, they are still used in houses, food factories, gardens, and organic farms, all of which emphasize the importance of safety. Katsuda [1] reported that natural pyrethrins showed a low development of resistance by flies and mosquitoes compared with many synthetic pyrethroids, against which a high development of cross-resistance was observed. 

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