Trademarks worldwide

Although several companies have produced polyarylates, Unitika in Japan and Hoechst-Celanese are the only ones active in the marketplace. Unitika resin is marketed in the United States by Amoco Performance Polymers under the Ardel trademark. The reason for this decline may be the competition of PC, polyester carbonates, and polysulfone resins. Worldwide sales are quite small, probably less than 1000 t/yr. 

Trademarks Cliffs, ClifFsNotes, and all related logos and trade dress are registered trademarks or trademarks of IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective owners. IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. 

The manufacture of the fused cast basalt was pioneered in West Germany about 60 years ago. Fused cast basalt, also known under the registered trademark ABRESIST, is abrasion and corrosion resistant. The material is used worldwide in virtually all industries to protect equipment from the destructive forces of wear. 

In the Fourteenth Edition links to the internet were added. Worldwide web page addresses were added for manufacturers and associations in the appropriate entries and in Appendix III. Trademarked entries and their associated manufacturers were updated to reflect the constant flux in the modem chemical industry. Many additional chemical entries, definitions, and cross-references were added to make the work current with the constantly growing field of chemistry. 

Membrane research and development started in Du Pont in 1962 and culminated in the introduction of the first B-9 Permasep permeator for desalination of brackish water by reverse osmosis (RO) in 1969. The membrane in this B-9 Permasep module consisted of aramid hollow fibers. In 1969, proponents of RO technology had ambitious dreams and hopes. Today, RO is a major desalination process used worldwide to provide potable water from brackish and seawater feeds. Du Font s membrane modules for RO are sold under the trademark Permasep permeators. The RO business is a virtually autonomous profit center that resides in the Polymer Products Department. The growth and success of the Permasep products business is a direct result of Du Font s sustained research and development commitment to polyamides, a commitment that dates back to the 1930 s and the classic polymer researches of Wallace H. Carothers. Since 1969, improved and new Permasep permeators have been introduced six times, as shown in Table I. 

The patent offices worldwide have opened their databases to the public there is no better place to start the search for patentability than with these free databases the same databases that provide additional services and literature search are packaged by other vendors. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (1) has created one of the world s largest electronic databases that includes every patent issued recently, published applications are also available in the database. Scientists are strongly urged to develop expert skills in interacting with the database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The search at United States Patent and Trademark Office can be most beneficial if the scientist learns how to use the patent classification system. (Tutorials are available at the United States Patent and Trademark Office website alternately, please consult Filing Patents Online A Professional Guide by Sarfaraz K. Niazi, CRC Press 2002). 

Sarfaraz K. Niazi is the Chief Executive Officer of Pharmaceutical Scientist, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois, and is a consultant to the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry worldwide. The author of more than fifteen major texts in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and over 100 research articles. Dr. Niazi received the M.S. degree in biopharmaceutics in 1971 from Washington State University, Pullman, Washington in 1971 and the Ph.D. degree in pharmacokinetics in 1974 from the University of Illinois, Chicago. He is also licensed to practice before the US patent and Trademark Office and owns several US patents for his inventions. 

Gold bars have become available in the past 100 years. There are three qualities of fine gold used in most bars. (1) For the international market, gold bars of about 12.5 kg (4(X) troy ounces) with a purity of at least 99.5% Au are prescribed. Each bar must be marked with the purity in 4 digits, the trademark of the refinery, and a serial number. The mark and the dimensions of the bar are registered by the London Bullion Market. The bars can then be traded worldwide without further control. Most of... 

SCRIM originated from research by TRL Ltd (United Kingdom) and was developed by W.D.M. Limited. W.D.M. Limited is the sole licensed manufacturer worldwide. SCRIM is a registered trademark of W.D.M. Limited. 

The commonly used synthetic fiber reinforcements are aramid, Nomex , nylon, and Kevlar fibers [19]. The research and development in the fields of synthetic fiber reinforced composites led to the development of aramid fibers. Further research led to the invention of meta and /> r -aramids [20]. Para and meta refer to the positions of the carboxylic and amine groups on the monomer ring. Nomex [21] was produced in the early 1960s and its excellent thermal, chemical, and radiation resistance [22, 23] led to extensive use in defensive clothing, insulation, and as a substitute for asbestos [24]. Additional researches with this /weta-aramid (Nomex) led to the fiber recognized as Kevlar [25]. Kevlar is a / ara-aramid fiber [26]. It was produced and trademarked by DuPont and became commercially accessible in 1973. In the last two decades, the worldwide production and use of aramids has been growing steadily. 

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