Torulopsis species

Candida species, torulopsis species Amphotericin B, caspofungin Fluconazole, itraconazole... 

Of the approximately 36 Torulopsis species known so far, T. glabrata, also classified as a Candida species, is a human pathogen. Dissemination leads to colonization of the fungus in many organs and the development of liver abscesses. Severe hepatobiliary torulopsosis was also diagnosed in one patient with diabetes and bile duct stricture, secondary to chronic pancreatitis. (59)... 

Table 6. Quantitative Activity of Pseudolaric Acid B (7-2), its Potassium Salt (7-9) and Amphotericin B Against Candidas and Torulopsis Species.

One of the first reports on yeast-mediated color removal by a putative process of biosorption of azo dyes by yeast (Rhodotorula sp.) biomass belongs to [31]. Yeast species such as Kluveromyces marxianus removed the diazo dye remazol black B [10], Candida catenulata and Candida kefyr removed more than 90% of amaranth by biosorption [6]. Biosorption uptake of the textile azo dyes remazol blue, reactive black, and reactive red by S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis varied according to the selected dye, dye concentration, and exposure time [5, 7]. In a recent screening work carried out by [32], from the 44 yeast strains tested for their decolorization ability, 12 of them removed the dye Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP by biosorption, among them the following were identified S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces uvarum, Torulopsis Candida, and Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. 

Lactose-fermenting yeasts have been known for some time, but their use to produce ethyl alcohol and yeast from whey received serious attention only much later. Certain Torula species yield more alcohol than might have been expected from statements in the literature. Four kefir yeasts, two Torula species, one of Torulopsis and one additional yeast species, produced alcohol yielding 68 to 80% of the theoretical quantity. A maximal yield, 80.3%, based on a theoretical yield of 4 moles of alcohol per mole of lactose fermented, was obtained with a strain of Torula cremoris in a 21.7-hr fermentation at 30 to 32°C (Marth 1974). 

Flucytosine (Ancobon) possesses clinically useful activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida species, Torulopsis glabrata, and the agents of chromomycosis. Susceptible fungi deam-inate flucytosine to 5-fluorouracil, which becomes an antimetabolite. Flucytosine, which is excreted by the kidney, should be used cautiously in the setting of renal impairment. Flucytosine is a bone marrow depressant. Flucytosine is used in combination with amphotericin B. 

Chloro-l,2,4-triazino[5,6-c]quinoline (186) was found to be as active as nystatin against several species of Candida and against Torulopsis glabrata <74JMC244>. 

Yeast strains belonging to the species of Candida fahianii, Candida guilliermondii, Candida tropicalis, Deharyomyces hansenii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulopsis Candida CandidaJumata), and Williopsis satumus also exhibit the nitrile hydratase/ amidase system able to use the series of aliphatic mono- and dinitriles as well as their matching amides as the sole N-source [20]. 

A number of different species dominate the fermentation at different times Saccharomyces is dominant only towards the end. K apiculata with cell dimensions of (2-4.5) iJ.m x (5-8) /.im, usually dominates the early stages, along Metschnikovapu/cherrima and Torulopsis stellata. It stops fermenting and... 

Under aerobic conditions, certain yeasts can convert 20 to 40% of the D-galactose they take up into galactitol, which is excreted and can be isolated from the culture medium.643 These yeasts include strains of Hansenula anomala, Pichia farinosa, Candida diddensii (polymorpha), and Torulopsis versatilis, not one of which species,... 

The most common fungus causing opportunistic infections is the yeast Candida [1,17,18]. The yeast s commensualistic relationship with humans enable it to multiply and replace much of the normal flora when environmental conditions are favorable. Yeast infections by Candida species have been increasing dramatically in the last decade and there are now as many as seventeen different species known to cause infections in humans [17,18]. The most frequently isolated species are C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata (formerly known as Torulopsis glabrata), C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei [17-20]. 

In a large proportion of traditional draught ales purchased in public houses, Pichia and Candida species were encountered. Wild strains of Sac-eharomyces carlsbergensis were detected in almost a third of the samples while less frequent were species of Hanseniaspora, Kloeckera, Rhodotorula and Torulopsis [88]. 

Fungi, which are present in soil and on vegetation, grow either as single cells, the yeasts, or as multicellular filamentous colonies, the moulds. Yeasts associated with silages include species of Candida, Saccharomyces and Torulopsis. They play a particularly important role in the deterioration of silage when it is exposed to air. 

Different species of the yeast Torulopsis produce extracellular sophorolipids, which consist of two glucose units linked P-1,2. 

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