Cryptococcus neoformans

This antimycotic, which was iatroduced for topical use, shows in vitro activity against dermatophytes, species of Candida Jispergillus Coccidioides immitis Histop/asma capsulatum Cryptococcus neoformans and Madure/h species. Petriellidium (Alkscheria) boydii and Phialophora species are less sensitive. 

Flucytosine. Flucytosine (17) or 5-fluorocytosine (4-amino-5-fluoro-2-pyrimidone, 5-FC), C H FN O, is a pyrimidine derivative, that is efficient against Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans and Torulopsis glabrata. 

Due to the rapid appearance of resistance, 5FC is only used as a combination partner for the intensive therapy of established severe fungal infections caused by Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus sp. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and or abdominal pain occur in 6% of the patients. Of greater concern is the potential for bone marrow depression (seen in 5% of the patients, all with elevated 5FC levels). 

Emmons C.W. (1955) Saprophytic sources of Cryptococcus neoformans associated with the pigeon. Am J Hygiene, 62, Tll- l i l. 

Mmphy J.W. (1996) Slick ways Cryptococcus neoformans foih host defences, Soc Microbiol News,... 

Amphotericin B is particularly effective against systemic infections caused by C. albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is thus usually administered by intravenous injection under strict medical supervision. Amphotericin B methyl ester (Fig. 5.15C) is water-soluble, unlike amphotericin B itself, and can be administered intravenously as a solution. The two forms have equal antifungal activity but higher peak serum levels are obtained with the ester. Although the ester is claimed to be less toxic, neurological effects have been observed. An ascorbate salt has recently been described which is water-soluble, of similar activity and less toxic. 

On the contrary, both crude and water extracts (containing both catechins and proanthocyanidins) obtained from Cocos nucifera L. husk fibre were in-acfive against both the yeasts C. albicans. Cryptococcus neoformans and the filamentous fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi [62]. 

Cryptococcus neoformans HIV-1 infection tobacco smoking as risk 1.3 II... 

Mycobacterium avium Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) Mycobacterium intracellulare Mycobacterium lepraemurium Mycobacterium smegmatis Salmonella typhimurium Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans Leishmania donovani Toxoplasma gondii... 

BPH—benign prostatic hypertrophy BPM—breaths per minute beats per minute BUN—blood urea nitrogen C—mean plasma concentration Cmi]X—maximum plasma concentration Cmm—minimum plasma concentration C albicans—Candida albicans C. bofulinum—Clostridium frotu/irtum C. difficile—Clostridium difficile C. jejuni—Campylobacter jejuni C. neoformans—Cryptococcus neoformans Ca—calcium... 

Achieves therapeutic concentrations for Cryptococcus neoformans therapy. 

Fever and a history of headaches are the most common symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis, although altered mentation and evidence of focal neurologic deficits may be present. Diagnosis is based on the presence of a positive CSF, blood, sputum, or urine culture for Cryptococcus neoformans. 

Cryptococcosis is a noncontagious, systemic mycotic infection caused by the ubiquitous encapsulated soil yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. 

The combined synergistic effects of cyclo(Leu-Pro) and cyclo(Phe-Pro) were effective against five vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains Enterococcus faecium (K-99-38), E. faecalis (K-99-17), E. faecalis (K-99-258), E. faecium (K-01-312), and E. faecalis (K-01-511) with MIC values of 0.25—1 mgl . It also showed activity against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Micrococcus luteus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC values of 0.25—0.5 mg 1. This combination also showed mutagenic activity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TAIOO strains in a Salmonella mutation assay. ... 

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