Torulopsis glabrata

Flucytosine. Flucytosine (17) or 5-fluorocytosine (4-amino-5-fluoro-2-pyrimidone, 5-FC), C H FN O, is a pyrimidine derivative, that is efficient against Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans and Torulopsis glabrata. 

Flucytosine (Ancobon) possesses clinically useful activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida species, Torulopsis glabrata, and the agents of chromomycosis. Susceptible fungi deam-inate flucytosine to 5-fluorouracil, which becomes an antimetabolite. Flucytosine, which is excreted by the kidney, should be used cautiously in the setting of renal impairment. Flucytosine is a bone marrow depressant. Flucytosine is used in combination with amphotericin B. 

The results with bifonazole, in contrast to clotrimazole, show that the sterol pattern could not completely explain the rate of sterol biosynthesis. Torulopsis glabrata is another example where both compounds show the expected accumulation of 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol and dihydrolanosterol (Figure 19). The accumulation of dihydrolanosterol, after application of 2.5 pg/ml bifonazole, does not explain why the total sterol content is decreased so markedly. A "feed-back" control of the HMG-CoA-reductase appears an unlikely explanation. 

Figure 19. Distribution of sterols in Torulopsis glabrata after incubation with clotrimazole and bifonazole.

Chloro-l,2,4-triazino[5,6-c]quinoline (186) was found to be as active as nystatin against several species of Candida and against Torulopsis glabrata <74JMC244>. 

Redondo-Lopez V, Lynch M, Schmitt C, Cook R, Sobel JD Torulopsis glabrata vaginitis Clinical aspects and susceptibility to antifungal agents. Obstet Gynecol 1990 76 651-654. 

Owen PG, Willis BK, Benzel EC Torulopsis glabrata vertebral osteomyelitis. J Spinal Disord 1992 5 370-373. 

T. beigelii, T. capitatum Cryptococcus neoformans Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Histoplasma capsulatum Torulopsis glabrata Mucor indicus Prototheca wickerhamii Prototheca zopfii... 

Friedman, E., Biahut, R.J., Bender, M.D. Hepatic abscesses and funge-mia from Torulopsis glabrata. Successful treatment with percutaneous drainage and amphotericin B. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1987 9 711—715... 

The most common fungus causing opportunistic infections is the yeast Candida [1,17,18]. The yeast s commensualistic relationship with humans enable it to multiply and replace much of the normal flora when environmental conditions are favorable. Yeast infections by Candida species have been increasing dramatically in the last decade and there are now as many as seventeen different species known to cause infections in humans [17,18]. The most frequently isolated species are C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata (formerly known as Torulopsis glabrata), C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei [17-20]. 

Herella sp. Methicillin-resistant Staph. Torulopsis glabrata ... 

Pyruvic acid S. cerevisiae Candida lipolytica Torulopsis glabrata Debaryomyces hansenii E. coli Schizophyllum commune Nocardiafumifera Adnetobacter sp. Pseudomonas sp. -/400... 

Liu L, Li Y, Zhu Y, Du G, Chen J. Redistribution of carbon flux in Torulopsis glabrata by altering vitamin and calcium level. Metab Eng 2007 9 21-9. 

Amphotericin B - Amphotericin B has been used intravenously for meningitis, pyelonephritis, and pulmonary infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast. Successful therapy of pulmonary histoplasmosis required 30 mg/kg of amphotericin B while 20 patients with presumed Histoplasma chorioretinitis (eye infection) failed to respond. 5 86 other reports concern amphotericin B in the treatment of primary renal candidiasis, rhinocerebral phyco-mycosis, blastomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, geotrichosis, and disseminated infections caused by Torulopsis glabrata and Beauverla bassiana, a fungus normally pathogenic to in-sects. V-93 Topical application of amphotericin B was an qj. effective treatment of Candida granuloma and maduromycosis. ... 

Zhang DD, Liang N, Shi ZP, Liu LM, Chen J, Du GC. Enhancement of alpha-ketoglutarate production in Torulopsis glabrata redistribution of carbon flux finm pyruvate to alpha-ketoglutarate. Biotechnol... 

Miconazole nitrate, previously shown to be effective in topical treatment of Trichophyton infections, was effective when used topically for 1 to 5 weeks as a 2 cream in kk of k6 cases of Candida vaginitis, but it was without effect in 2 cases of vaginal Torulopsis glabrata. ... 

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