Reactive Brilliant Red

Reactive brilliant red X-3B Activated sludge Activated sludge generated a heterogeneous biofilm of several bacterial species. Biomass was increased after ozonation. Combination of ozone oxidation and upflow biological aerated filter technique to treat azo dyes [8]... 

Lu X, Yang B, Chen J, Sun R (2009) Treatment of wastewater containing azo dye reactive brilliant red X-3B using sequential ozonation and upflow biological aerated filter process. J Hazard Mat 161 241-245... 

P. chrysosporium, immobilized on nylon PuF and nets, were studied to decolorize reactive brilliant red K-2BP under nonsterile conditions by Gao et al. [58]. The fungi immobilized on PuF and nylon nets decolorized the azo dye by 52 and 95%, respectively. The system with nylon nets were contaminated easily with yeast, which decreased the decolorization efficiency. Structure of PuF reported that it was benefit to fungal growth in spreading mycelia. 

One of the first reports on yeast-mediated color removal by a putative process of biosorption of azo dyes by yeast (Rhodotorula sp.) biomass belongs to [31]. Yeast species such as Kluveromyces marxianus removed the diazo dye remazol black B [10], Candida catenulata and Candida kefyr removed more than 90% of amaranth by biosorption [6]. Biosorption uptake of the textile azo dyes remazol blue, reactive black, and reactive red by S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis varied according to the selected dye, dye concentration, and exposure time [5, 7]. In a recent screening work carried out by [32], from the 44 yeast strains tested for their decolorization ability, 12 of them removed the dye Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP by biosorption, among them the following were identified S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces uvarum, Torulopsis Candida, and Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. 

Fig. 3.66. The structures of triazine-containing azo dyes (A) Procion red MX-5B (MX-5B) and (B) Reactive brilliant red K-2G (K-2G). Reprinted with permission from C. Hu et al. [137].

World dye manufacturers have already begun to develop new types of dyes that can replace the anthraquinones technically and economically (1). Some successful examples can be found in a2o disperse red and blue dyes. Examples are brilliant red [68353-96-6] and Cl Disperse Blue 165 [41642-51 -7] (Cl 11077). They have come close to the level of anthraquinone reds and blues, respectively, in terms of brightness. In the reactive dye area intensive studies have continued to develop triphenodioxa2ine compounds, eg, (13), which are called new blues, to replace anthraquinone blues. In this representation R designates the substituents having reactive groups (see Dyes, reactive). 

Shewanella decolorationis sp. nov. S 12t Fast Acid Red GR, Reactive Brilliant Blue The 90% decolorization of the dyes was achieved within 12 h [85]... 

Cl reactive red 2 [5-((4,6-dichloro-i-triazin-2-yl)amino)-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)2,7-naphtahlenedisulfonic acid disodium salt, ostazin brilliant red S 5B] [17804-49-8] Sudan red [l-(2,4-xylylazo)-2-naphthol, l-xylylazo-2-naphthol, oil scarlet L, Cl solvent orange 7, Cl 12140] [3118-97-6] Acid red 37 [3-hydroxy-4-4-((4-sulfo-1-naphthyl)azo)-2,7-napthalenedisulfonic acid trisodium salt, acid amaranth 1, Cl 16185], [915-67-3]... 

Dyeing of textiles with reactive dyes is a very important industrial process. Unlike in usual cases, there is no dissolution of reactant A from the solid phase, the fiber, followed by reaction in solution, but the reactive dye B from the solution is taken up by the fiber where it reacts with the cellulosate ions to form a uniform chemically bound dye (Figure 15.6). Let us consider a typical reactive dye Procion Brilliant Red 2B ... 

Class not known Yorkshire Joracril Yellow Yorkshire Red Yorkshire Joracril Blue Sandolan Yellow Sandolan Blue Diazol Black Brilliant Red Marine Foron Blue Supramine Blue Astrazon MS Green Astrazon M Green Reactive... 

Adsorption of reactive dye Levafix 8R9 Brilliant Red E-4BA onto activated carbon monitored by a magnetic suspension balance, Chem. Technik (Leipzig), 000,000. 

Strontium is a chemically reactive, ductile metal. It is silvery white when freshly cut but oxidizes readily upon exposure to air. When burned it emits a brilliant red color. This is the reason for using strontium in fireworks and flares. 

In the late 1960 s a new series of methods was introduced for the determination of amylase, involving the use of a starch-dye complex. Dyes such as Renazol brilliant blue (68) Reactive Red 2B (69) (used in the substrate Dy-Amyl, General Diagnostic Division, Warner-Chilcott Laboratories), Cibachrom Blue (70)... 

These are mainly used to dye wool and silk, mod-acrylic, nylon, and polyester. They can be applied to cotton with a mordant (a substance used to set dyes). Basic dyes include monoazoic, diazoic, and azine compounds. Basic Red 46, a monoazoic dye, was implicated in a sweater-induced dermatitis. Basic Brown 1 (Figure 17), Basic Black 1, Brilliant Green, Turquoise Reactive and Neutrichrome Red have also been reported as allergens. 

Native Cassia angustifolia (CA) seed gum with 1 mL of PAC stock solution at highly acidic pH (pH = 2.5) has been shown to remove 35% Acid Sendula Red, 22% Direct Kahi Green, and 16% Reactive Remazol Brilliant Violet dyes [9] while at alkaline pH (pH = 10) under identical conditions, the decol-orization efficiency of CA is reported to be about 80%, 99%, and 45% for acid, direct and reactive dyes, respectively. CA acts as a good working substitute... 

---