Tortrix moths

An elegant application of the catalytic Shapiro reaction has been found in the synthesis of the natural product 129 (equation 45), a component of the sex pheromone of the summer fruit tortrix moth (Adoxophyes orana). ... 

Wolf W. A. and Roelofs W. L. (1983) A chain-shortening reaction in orange tortrix moth sex pheromone biosynthesis. Insect Biochem. 13, 375-379. 

Deltamethrin is a crystalline powder, white or slightly beige in color. The formulations include emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, ultra-low volume and flowable formulations, and granules. There are no known incompatibilities with other common insecticides and fungicides. It is used as a contact poison to control apple and pear suckers, plum fruit moths, caterpillars on brassicas, pea moths, aphids (apples, plums, hops), winter moths (apples and plums), and codling and tortrix moths (apples). It also is used in control of aphids, mealybugs, scale insects, and whiteflies on glasshouse cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, potted plants, and ornamentals.9-11... 

Evidence for the occurrence of a controlled, 2-carbon chain shortening reaction was obtained using the orange tortrix moth,... 

Performing the reaction with uniformly labeled hexadecanoic acid and separating the isolated tetradecanoic acids also demonstrated the introduction of the 11-12 double bond. Conversion of the unsaturated products into epoxides followed by GLC separation showed radioactivity in both the saturated and unsaturated acids. Similar to the results discussed above with RBLR, a closely related insect, the Z E ratio of unsaturated acyl compounds was not the same as that in the pheromone. With the orange tortrix moth, the Z E ratio of unsaturated acids was ca. 2 1, whereas the pheromone was found to be all Z. 

LARVICIDAL EFFECT OF RYANIA (NOT PERMITTED FOR USE IN THE EU AT PRESENT). This alkaloid is also very effective against the larvae of the codling moth. The advantage of Ryania is its broad spectrum of action, allowing control of other caterpillars (tortrix moths, etc.) as well as codling moth. 

OTHER TORTRIX MOTHS ON FRUIT Fruitlet mining tortrix (Pammene rhediella.)... 

Fig. 5. 38. Life cycle of fruitlet mining tortrix moth.

Fig. 5. 39. Life cycle of smaller fruit tortrix moth.

ENEMIES. As with other fruit tortrix moths, chalcid and hraconid wasps are potential enemies. They are not very important, however. 

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUMMER FRUIT TORTRIX. The Summer fruit tortrix moths overwinter as young larvae in a cocoon on the tree, usually under the remains of dead leaves. Before flowering the first caterpillars move from their winter hiding-places to the flower huds or rosette leaves and weh several leaves together in order to feed and grow there. They may also feed on the young fruit. The places where caterpillars have fed can later he seen on the fruit as scars of varying depth. 

Fig. 5.40. Life cycle of summer fruit tortrix moth [Capua reticulana).

DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE TORTRIX MOTHS. Damage due to feeding can be seen on the blossom clusters and rosette leaves around flowering. There is usually a cocoon in the immediate vicinity. 

ENEMIES. The most important enemies of the tortrix moths are ichneumon, chalcid and braconid wasps. In many orchards the degree of para-... 

Fig. 5.42. Tortrix moth caterpillar in the spring overwintering oaterpillars move up to the blossoms.

INSPECTION AND DAMAGE THRESHOLD. The flight of the moths of the various tortrix species can be determined with pheromone traps. These traps do not provide any clues as to the possible extent of damage, however. Tortrix moths that feed on fruit are highly polyphagous and can also live outside the orchard. Pheromone traps can only be used to determine the species composition of the tortrix population. 

At this stage the infestation by tortrix moths must be kept very low, as otherwise the summer and winter generations can still cause considerable damage. 

CONTROL. The tortrix moths that feed on fruit have become less of a problem in integrated and especially in organic fruit production. Very high rates of parasitism by chalcid and braconid wasps can be achieved hy conservation of beneficial insects. 

Early cessation of shoot growth (tortrix moths attack the tip of the shoot). 

Pyrethrum-rotenone sprays also have some effect on other tortrix moths. 

Also effective against tortrix moths at very high concentrations... 

Areas of application Mode of action How obtained Remarks Codling moths, tortrix moths, aphids, leaf miners Contact insecticide Ryania is obtained from the wood of Ryania speciosa Broad spectrum of action More persistent than pyrethrum-rotenone sprays Poisonous to fish Not registered in the EU at present... 

The smaller tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes honmai) uses (/ )-124 as a minor component of its pheromone bouquet, and (R)- 2A was slightly more active than (5)-124. Further field tests suggest that there is an optimum R/S ratio of 95 5 for trapping of males.146... 

The pheromones of the vine moths (Eupoecilia ambiguella and Lobesia botrana) are typical for the sex attractants used by the large families of tortrix moths (Tortricidae) and owlet moths (Noctuidae) (Fig. 8.78). 

Priesner, E. Receptor of Di-Unsaturated Pheromone Analogues in the Male Summer Fruit Tortrix Moth. Z. Naturforsch. 38 C, 874-877 (1983). 

Predict the biosynthetic origin of a component of the sex pheromone of the tea tortrix moth below, by drawing its biosynthetic units in position. Careful, it can start with something larger than acetate or propionate ... 

The suggestion that the sex pheromone composition of the oak leaf roller was dependent to a large extent on diet was made 82,475,476) and refuted 477, 478). It is now generally accepted that the sex pheromone of this tortricid moth species is a specific blend (67 33) of E)- - and (Z)-ll-tetradecenyl acetates 477). It is also accepted that in this species this ratio is not influenced by diet 478). However, the effects of diet on the amount of pheromonal compounds have been suggested for the summer fruit tortrix moth 479), the gypsy moth 480) and the smaller tea tortrix moth 481). 

Minks, A. K. Decreased sex pheromone production in an in-bred stock of the summer-fruit tortrix moth, Adoxophyes orana. Ent. exp. Appl. 14, 361—364 (1971). 

SuGiE, H., S. Yamazaki, and Y. Tamaki On the origin of the sex pheromone components of the smaller tea tortrix moth, Adoxophyes fasciata Walsingham (Lepido-ptera Tortricidae). Appl. Ent. Zool. 11, 371—373 (1976). 

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