Tomatoes processing

VAN HET HOF K H, DE BOER B C, TIJBURG L B, LUCIUS B R, ZIJP I, WEST C E, HAUTVAST J G and WESTRATE J A (2000) Carotenoid bioavailability in humans from tomatoes processed in different ways determined from the carotenoid response in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction of plasma after a single consumption and in plasma after 4 days of consumption. JNutr 130(5) 1189-96. 

Rao and Shen 2002). Approximately 80% of dietary lycopene comes from tomatoes. Processed tomatoes have a higher level of lycopene compared to fresh tomatoes. This could be attributed to the heat treatment and homogenization of tomatoes that enhance the lycopene availability (van het Hof and others 2000 Porrini and others 1998). 

Rozzi NL, Singh RK, Vierling RA and Watkins BA. 2002. Supercritical fluid extraction of lycopene from tomato processing byproducts. J Agric Food Chem 50(9) 2638-2643. 

Shi, J., Le Maguer, M., Wang, S.L., and Liptay, A. 1997. Application of osmotic treatment in tomato processing Effect of skin treatments on mass transfer in osmotic dehydration of tomatoes. Food Res. Int. 30, 669-674. 

Although red-colored fruits and vegetables are the most common sources of dietary lycopene, not all red-colored plants contain lycopene. Common food sources of lycopene are the tomatoes, processed tomato products, watermelons, pink guava, pink grapefruits, papaya, and apricots. The lycopene content of these foods are shown in Table I. 

Sabio, E., Lozano, M., Montero de Espinosa, V., Mendes, R.L., Pereira, A.P., Palavra, A.F. and Coelho, J.A. 2003. Lycopene and (3-Carotene Extraction from Tomato Processing Waste Using Supercritical CO2. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 6641-6646. 

Other work has been mainly concerned with the scale-up to pilot plant or full-scale installations. For example, Beltran et al. [225] studied the scale-up of the ozonation of industrial wastewaters from alcohol distilleries and tomato-processing plants. They used kinetic data obtained in small laboratory bubble columns to predict the COD reduction that could be reached during ozonation in a geometrically similar pilot bubble column. In the kinetic model, assumptions were made about the flow characteristics of the gas phase through the column. From the solution of mass balance equations of the main species in the process (ozone in gas and water and pollution characterized by COD) calculated results of COD and ozone concentrations were determined and compared to the corresponding experimental values. 

Al-Wandawi, H., Abdul-Rahman, M. and Al-Shaikhly, K. 1985. Tomato processing waste as essential raw materials source. J. Agric. Food Chem. 33 804-807. 

Shi, J. and Le Maguer, M. 1999a. Lycopene as quality index in tomato processing. Industrial Application of Osmotic Treatment Seminar Proceeding, Milano, Italy. 

Al-Wandawi, H., et al. (1985). Tomato processing wastes as essential raw material source. J. Agri. Food Chem. 33, 804-807. 

Kaur, D., Wani, A. A., Oberoi, D. P. S., and Sogi, D. S. (2008). Effect of extraction conditions on lycopene extractions from tomato processing waste skin using response surface methodology. Food Chem. 108, 711-718. 

G. Strazzullo, V. Schiano MorieUo, A. PoH, B. Lnmirzi, P. Amazio, and B. Nicolaus, Solid wastes of tomato-processing industry (Lycopersicon esculentum Hybrid Rome ) as renewable sources of polysacchcuides,/. Food Technol, 1 (3), 102-105, 2003. 

Cone valve for tomato processing -PEEK overmoulded steel core Fluorten Non-stick, high temperature and pressure, good adhesion to steel core, low wear resulting in extended valve life and reduced downtime... 

Chemical Markers for Early Detection of Chemical Changes during Tomato Processing... 

In the case of tomato processing pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid (PCA) formed by cyclization of glutamine turned out to be the most sensitive marker for an early detection of heat treatment. PCA already appears during the break process. In tomato paste all the glutamine present has been converted to PCA as a result of heat treatment during the concentration process, whereas only relatively small amounts of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) could be detected. 

Strati and Oreopoulou studied the capability of different organic solvents (hexane, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate) to extract carotenoids from tomato waste, composed by dry skin and seeds. In industry, tomato wastes generally accounting for 10 to 40% of the total tomato processed for tomato products. ... 

N. L. Rozzi, R. K. Singh, R. A. Vierling, B. A. Watkins, Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Processing Byproducts, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (2002), p. 2638—2643. 

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