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Chemical markers

Tracer methods involving chemical markers injected into the contents of the tank may be used. Instmmentation capable of picking up the chemical marker can then determine the presence of a leak caused by seepage of the tracer into the ground. This, like the hydrocarbon sensing method, is genericaUy referred to as soil vapor monitoring. This method suffers the same weaknesses that have to do with undertank soil permeabUities. [Pg.322]

Kasprzyk-Hordem B, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2009) Illicit dmgs and pharmaceuticals in the environment - forensic applications of environmental data. Part 2 Pharmaceuticals as chemical markers of faecal water contamination. Environ Pollut 157(6) 1778-1786... [Pg.227]

An important additional pathway is indicated in reactions I and II of Figure 47-9. This involves enzymes destined for lysosomes. Such enzymes are targeted to the lysosomes by a specific chemical marker. In reaction I, a residue of GIcNAc-1-P is added to carbon 6 of one or more specific Man residues of these enzymes. The reaction is catalyzed by a GIcNAc phosphotransferase, which uses UDP-GlcNAc as the donor and generates UMP as the other product ... [Pg.524]

As indicated above, Man 6-P serves as a chemical marker to target certain lysosomal enzymes to that organelle. Analysis of cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with I-cell (inclusion cell) disease played a large part in revealing the above role of Man 6-P. I-cell disease is an uncommon condition characterized by severe progressive psychomotor retardation and a variety of physical signs, with death often occurring in the first decade. Cultured cells from patients with I-cell disease were found to lack almost all of the normal lysosomal enzymes the lysosomes thus accumulate many different... [Pg.531]

Daglia, M., Cuzzoni, M. T., Dacarro, C., Antibacterial activity of coffee relationship between biological activity and chemical markers, J. Agric. Food Chem., 42(10), 2273, 1994. (CA121 203869e)... [Pg.161]

CHEMICAL MARKERS FOR PROTEIN-BASED IDENTIFICATION OR BIODETECTION... [Pg.32]

Morgan, S. L. Fox, A. Gilbart, J. Profiling, structural characterization, and trace detection of chemical markers for microorganisms by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Microbiol. Meth. 1989,9,57-69. [Pg.59]

The survival of a-boswellic acid, p-boswellic acid and their O-acetates, which have been isolated only from frankincense, has been demonstrated in archaeological samples [99,107,113]. These compounds are considered as very useful specific chemical markers for the identification of frankincense in resinous archaeological materials. [Pg.16]

A study was initiated to find a more convenient chemical marker, or panel of markers, that could be used to assess the rate of deterioration of renal function in subjects taking antiretrovirals. Although he was asymptomatic at the time, W.B. agreed to participate in the study. Each of the 86 participants in the study was asked to collect and deliver to the laboratory, a urine sample once a month for a year. On each monthly visit to the clinic, a blood sample was taken. [Pg.281]

Van Eyk AD, and Van der Biijl P (2004) Comparative permeability of various chemical markers through human vaginal and buccal mucosa as well as porcine buccal and mouth floor mucosa. Arch. Oral Biol. 49 387-392. [Pg.179]

Chemical and Genetic Probes—Nanotube-tipped atomic force microscopes can trace a strand of DNA and identify chemical markers that reveal DNA fine structure. A miniaturized sensor has been constructed based on coupling the electronic properties of nanotubes with the specific recognition properties of immobilized biomolecules by attaching organic molecules handles to these tubular nanostructures. In one study, the pi-electron network on the CNT is used to anchor a molecule that irreversibly adsorbs to the surface of the SWNT. The anchored molecules have a tail to which proteins, or a variety of other... [Pg.412]

Our recent study demonstrate [40] that a thermo-marker makes it possible to observe the change in EOF during the separation process (Figure 6.4) in organic solvents where IFs are used as BGEs. The comparison of the EOF value of a chemical marker wifh fhaf of a fhermo-marker showed fhaf fhey are almost identical. [Pg.196]

For groups experienced in trace analysis of chemical markers for bacteria, currently samples are analyzed almost exclusively by GC-MS/MS. GC-MS/MS assays are now well established and a wide range of clinical and environmental samples have been analyzed. However, application in the pharmaceutical industry requires further evaluation. For example, Mur is released by hydrolysis and analyzed as an alditol acetate 3-OH FAs after methanolysis are converted to methyl trimethylsilyl derivative. Detailed analytical procedures have been described elsewhere for Mur [3,4,7, 8,11] and for 3-OH FAs [2, 5,12,13]. The compounds of interest contain active... [Pg.535]

The precision of MS assays is in the range typical of most clinical assays (i.e., under 5-15%). The best choice of internal standard is the stable-isotope-labeled form (preferably 13C) of the compound of interest (e.g., P-hydroxy myristic acid or muramic acid). Specific trace detection of chemical markers in complex matrices requires appropriate negative controls. Procedures are often described that do not employ the mass spectrometer and false positives are often reported. The mere analysis of blank filters or water blanks is not satisfactory since chemical noise contributed by the sample is much greater and is not accounted for with this form of control. [Pg.539]

Fox, A., Wright, L., and Fox, K. (1995), Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for trace detection of muramic acid, a peptidoglycan chemical marker in organic dust, I Microbiol. Meth., 22,11-26. [Pg.540]

Buerge, I.J., Buser, H.R., Kahle, M., Midler, M.D. and Poiger, T. (2000) Ubiquitous occurrence of the artificial sweetener acesulfame in the aquatic environment an ideal chemical marker of domestic wastewater in groundwater. Environ. Sci. Technol.,... [Pg.274]

Advances in measurement have freed the estimation of patient compliance from its long-standing dependence on methods easily manipulated by patients, whose reluctance to acknowledge poor compliance contributes to self-reporting bias, documented in many ways. The years 1986-1987 saw the introduction of chemical marker and electronic monitoring methods, which provide different but complementary estimates of the time history of dosing by ambulatory patients. These advances have been extensively reviewed (Feinstein, 1990 Pullar and Feely, 1990 Urquhart, 1990 Cramer and Spilker, 1991 Bond and Hussar, 1991 Vander Stichele, 1991 Kruse, 1992). The gist of both methods is as follows. [Pg.245]

Presence of these ginsenosides is the chemical marker that characterize P. ginseng C.A. Meyer, as well as its extracts and galenic forms. By the 1970s at the ETH-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, we had developed new analytical technologies for the analysis of medicinal plants.4"6 We created HPLC analytical methods for the quantification of the ginsenosides contained in roots and finished products.7 9 Before then, various methods... [Pg.215]


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