Tobacco cancer cells

Yersinia pestis) Cancer cells Tobacco Anti-Lewis Y M Ab Brodzik et at, 2006... 

Sharma C, Kaur J, Shishodia S, Aggarwal BB, Ralhan R. 2006. Curcumin down regulates smokeless tobacco-induced NF-kappaB activation and COX-2 expression in human oral premalignant and cancer cells. Toxicology 228 1-15. 

It is well-established that Hyal-1 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) product, detected in many tobacco-related lung tumors,117,118 as well as of the oral cavity and upper airways.119 This occurs not only at the level of DNA, by homozygous deletion or loss of heterozygosity, but also at the level of RNA. Two splice variants coding for Hyal-1 are transcribed, one variant containing a retained intron that is unable to be translated.119 The versatility of the cancer cell is such that any mechanism that eliminates an unwanted activity will be used. 

The first vaccines currently in clinical trial are used for the treatment of non-Hodgkiris lymphoma, the most prevalent form of lymphoma and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. This treatment works for lymphoma because all the cancer cells have the same surface protein, the unique antibody made by the original B cell that became malignant. The recombinant viral-infected tobacco plants are used to make a fragment from this unique antibody. 

A large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are known Many have been synthesized m the laboratory and several of the others are products of com bustion Benzo[a]pyrene for example is present m tobacco smoke contaminates food cooked on barbecue grills and collects m the soot of chimneys Benzo[a]pyrene is a carcinogen (a cancer causing substance) It is converted m the liver to an epoxy diol that can induce mutations leading to the uncontrolled growth of certain cells... 

Le Marchand, L., Sivaraman, L. et al. (1998). Associations of CYP1A1, GSTM1, and CYP2E1 polymorphisms with lung cancer suggest cell type specificities to tobacco carcinogens. Cancer Res., 58(21), 4858-63. 

The most widely studied therapeutic proteins produced in plants include monoclonal antibodies for passive immunotherapy and antigens for use as oral vaccines [40]. Antibodies against dental caries, rheumatoid arthritis, cholera, E. coli diarrhea, malaria, certain cancers, Norwalk virus, HIV, rhinovirus, influenza, hepatitis B virus and herpes simplex virus have been produced in transgenic plants. However, the anti-Streptococcus mutans secretory antibody for the prevention of dental caries is the only plant-derived antibody currently in Phase II clinical trials [40]. Until recently, most antibodies were expressed in tobacco, potato, alfalfa, soybean, rice and wheat [9], It has been estimated that for every 170 tons of harvested tobacco, 100 tons represents harvested leaves. A single hectare could thus yield 50 kg of secretory IgA [3, 41]. Furthermore, it has been estimated that the cost of antibody production in plants is half that in transgenic animals and 20 times lower than in mammalian cell cul-... 

Chinese hamster ovary cells. The number of aberrant metaphases increased in cultures with 15 mL tobacco extract per milliliter of growth media Water extract of the dried leaf, administered to mice at a dose of 9.40 g/kg, 6 days a week for 10 months, was active on bone marrow. A combination of Piper betle, Areca catechu, and Nicotiana tabacum was used . Seed, administered orally to adults with oral cancer and oral submucosal fibrosis and to healthy chewers, was active. An average of 6 quids of tobacco leaf, Areca nuts, and lime were chewed daily T . ... 

Malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells with the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methyl-nitrosamino) -1 -(3 -pyridyl) -1 -butanone. Int J Cancer 2003 106(6) 821-826. 

Bhide. Effects of tobacco-specific nitrosamines and snuff extract on cell proliferation and activities of ornithine decarboxylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in mouse tongue primary epithelial cell cultures. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1989 115(6) 558-563. 

NT244 Vidal, M. V., B. Gutfilen, L.M. da Eonseca, and M. Bemardo-Filho. Influence of tobacco on the labelling of red blood cells and plasma proteins with technetium-99m. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 1998 17(1) 41-46. 

Adhvaryu. Genotoxic effects of tobacco extract on Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cancer Lett 1993 70(1/2) 107-112. 

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