Tissue engineering polylactic acid

Synthetic polymers commonly used in numerous biomedical devices offer the distinct advantage of high level of control over the chemical properties of the polymer. As a scaffold for adipose tissue engineering, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, and copolymers incorporating both have been widely investigated due to their ability to degrade over... 

Abstract Synthetic polymers and biopolymers are extensively used within the field of tissue engineering. Some common examples of these materials include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, collagen, elastin, and various forms of polysaccharides. In terms of application, these materials are primarily used in the construction of scaffolds that aid in the local delivery of cells and growth factors, and in many cases fulfill a mechanical role in supporting physiologic loads that would otherwise be supported by a healthy tissue. In this review we will examine the development of scaffolds derived from biopolymers and their use with various cell types in the context of tissue engineering the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. 

Silva et al. (2006) studied starch-based microparticles as a novel strategy for tissue engineering applications. They developed starch-based microparticles, and evaluated them for bioactivity, cytotoxicity, ability to serve as substrates for cell adhesion, as well as their potential to be used as delivery systems either for anti-inflammatory agents or growth factors. Two starch-based materials were used for the development of starch-based particulate systems (1) a blend of starch and polylactic acid (SPLA) (50 50 w/w) and (2) a chemically modifled potato starch, Paselli II (Pa). Both materials enabled the synthesis of particulate systems, both polymer and composite (with BG 45S5). A simple solvent extraction method was employed for the synthesis of SPLA and SPLA/BG microparticles, while for Pa and Pa/BG... 

Georgiou, G., Mathieu, L., Pioletti, D.P., Bourban, P.E., Manson, J.A.E., Knowles, J.C., and Nazhat, S.N. (2007) Polylactic acid-phosphate glass composite foams as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. /. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B Appl. Biomater., SOB (2), 322-331. 

Moran, J.M., Pazzano, D., and Bonassar, L.J. (2003) Characterization of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid composites for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng., 9 (1), 63-70. 

Polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolate (PGA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), polyc-aprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) and their copolymers poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu), poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu), poly(propylene adipate) (PPAd), etc., are the most commonly used aliphatic polyesters for such applications as packaging materials, mulch Aims, tissue engineering, implants, drug delivery etc. 

Reinforced matrix scaffold for tissue engineering Some biomaterials, like naturally derived materials (eg, type I collagen, alginate) or synthetic polymers (eg, poly-glycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA)), are commonly used for tissue engineering as 3D scaffolds whose primary function is to control the geometry and the volume of... 

Chu, C. R., Coutts, R. D., Yoshioka, M., Harwood, F. L., Monosov, A. Z., and Amiel, D., Articular cartilage repair using allogeneic perichondrocyte-seeded biodegradable porous polylactic acid (PLA) a tissue-engineering study, J. Biomed. Mater Re.< ., 29, 1147-1154 (1995). 

Surface functionalisation of biodegradable polylactic acid was achieved by plasma coupling reaction of chitosan. Surfaces were characterised by contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two cell lines were cultured on the modified surface. Potential applications in tissue engineering are mentioned. 36 refs. CHINA SINGAPORE Accession no.906871... 

Wayne, J. S., C. L. McDowell, K. J. Shields, and R. S. Tuan (2005). In vivo response of polylactic acid-alginate scaffolds and bone marrow-derived cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Engineering ll(5-6) 953-963. 

Bolay, N., Snatran, V., Dechambre, G., Combes, C., Drouet, C., Lamure, A., et al. (2009). Production, by co-grinding in a media mill, of porous biodegradable polylactic acid-apatite composite materials for bone tissue engineering. Powder Technology, 190, 89-94. 

Cai, X., Tong, H. S., Shen, X., Chen, W., Yan, J., Hu, J. (2009). Preparation and characterization of homogeneous chitosan—polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering and evaluation of its mechanical properties. Acta Biomaterialia, 5, 2693-2703. 

Mi, H.-Y, Sahck, M.R., Jing, X., Jacques, B.R., Crone, W.C., Peng, X.-E, Tumg, L.-S., 2013. Characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane/polylactic acid (TPU/PLA) tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated by microcellular injection molding. Materials Science and Engineering C 33 (8), 4767-4776. 

Sedrakyan, S., Z. Y. Zhou, L. Perin, K. Leach, D. Mooney, and T. H. Kim. 2006. Tissue engineering of a small hand phalanx with a porously casted polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer. Tissue Eng 12 2675-2683. 

M. Shah Mohammadi, M.N. Bureau, and S.N. Nazhat, Polylactic acid (PLA) biomedical foams for tissue engineering, in Biomedical Foams for Tissue Engineering Applications, PA. Netti, Ed., 2014, Woodhead Publishing. Chap 11,313-334. 

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