Throat, symptoms affecting

Tetanus is a disease caused by the release of neurotoxins from the anaerobic, spore-forming rod Clostridium tetani. The clostridial protein, tetanus toxin, possesses a protease activity which selectively degrades the pre-synaptic vesicle protein synaptobrevin, resulting in a block of glycine and y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from presynaptic terminals. Consistent with the loss of neurogenic motor inhibition, symptoms of tetanus include muscular rigidity and hyperreflexia. The clinical course is characterized by increased muscle tone and spasms, which first affect the masseter muscle and the muscles of the throat, neck and shoulders. Death occurs by respiratory failure or heart failure. 

The onset of botulism occurs generally between 18 and 36 hours after consumption of food products containing botulin toxin. However, it may affect patients earlier or later, even on the tenth day after food consumption. The first symptoms include stomach ache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, followed by neurological disorders. Other symptoms include, skin, mouth and throat dryness, diplopia, blurred vision, dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and peripheral weakness. In lethal cases of botulism, respiratory muscles are involved. This leads to respiratory failure and death. Because all the symptoms are connected with toxemia, the first step of medical treatment is to provide a patient with antiserum. 

This formula is able to clear heat in the Upper-Jiao, the Heart, the Lung and the diaphragm. It is used in the syndrome in which heat-toxin affects these organs and regions. The symptoms are fever, restlessness, dry mouth and throat, thirst, swollen and sore throat, ulcers in the mouth or on the tongue, red face and red eyes, scanty urine and constipation, a red border on the tongue, which is particularly dry in the middle and has a yellow coating, and a rapid and forceful pulse. 

In contrast to the relative safety of many ethers and esters, acetic anhydride is a systemic poison and especially corrosive to the skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract. Levels in the air as low as 0.4 mg/m3 adversely affect eyes, and contamination should be kept to less than one tenth that level in the workplace atmosphere. Blisters and bums that heal slowly result from skin exposure. Acetic anhydride has a very strong acetic acid odor that causes an intense burning sensation in the nose and throat that is accompanied by coughing. It is a powerful lachrymator. Fortunately, these unpleasant symptoms elicit a withdrawal response in exposed individuals. 

Toxicity and health effects Prolonged occupational exposure to sec-butyl acetate affects health. The symptoms of toxicity include irritation of the skin and eyes. Exposure to high concentrations of sec-butyl acetate irritates the nose and throat, causing coughing and respiratory distress, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, and coma. After prolonged exposure to sec-butyl acetate, industrial workers show symptoms of severe irritation to eyes, headache, drowsiness, dryness in the upper respiratory system and skin, and narcosis. 

The disease runs a course similar to that of an insidious infection with remittent fever (often with a dromedary curve during the day), tickling of the throat, diarrhoea and lymphadenopathy. Hepatosplenomegaly develops as a result of affected sinus endothelia and the subsequent neoformation and multiplication of these cells (a process which is also found in the lymph nodes). A blackish hyperpigmentation (face, hands, feet and abdomen) is a characteristic symptom of visceral leishmaniasis. Laboratory tests reveal a marked increase in IgM and y-globulins as well as anaemia, leucopenia, throm-... 

APFO is a skin, eye, nose, and throat irritant. If exposure to fumes from overheating or combustion occurs, the victim should be moved to fresh air and monitored for irritation. If eye or dermal contact occurs, affected areas should be flushed thoroughly with water for at least 15 min. The victim should be observed for resulting skin irritation. A physician should be consulted if symptoms persist. If ingestion occurs, two glasses of water should be immediately given and vomiting should be induced. 

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