Prolonged occupation

Mitsis, E.M., van Dyck, C.H., Krantzler, E. et al. Prolonged occupancy of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by nicotine in human brain a preliminary study. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, Orlando, FL, 2006. 

Most antipsychotic drugs are highly lipid-soluble and protein-bound (92-99%). They tend to have large volumes of distribution (usually more than 7 L/kg). They generally have a much longer clinical duration of action than would be estimated from their plasma half-lives. This is paralleled by prolonged occupancy of D2 dopamine receptors in the brain by the typical antipsychotic drugs. 

Toxicity and health effects Prolonged occupational exposure to sec-butyl acetate affects health. The symptoms of toxicity include irritation of the skin and eyes. Exposure to high concentrations of sec-butyl acetate irritates the nose and throat, causing coughing and respiratory distress, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, and coma. After prolonged exposure to sec-butyl acetate, industrial workers show symptoms of severe irritation to eyes, headache, drowsiness, dryness in the upper respiratory system and skin, and narcosis. 

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in the United States. This disease affects men and women equally, but symptoms occur earlier and are more severe in women. Risk factors associated with the development of OA include age greater than 50 years, obesity (weight-bearing joints), injury to joints, joint overuse due to prolonged occupational or sports stress, and family history. 

Skin irritation has been encountered after prolonged occupational dermal contact. Skin dryness, irritation, and contact dermatitis have all been seen after varying degrees of exposure. Eye exposure to most anionic and nonionic detergents results in momentary eye irritation with no permanent eye damage. Eye exposure to low-phosphate detergents, which tend to be more alkaline may produce eye injury. 

Moszczynski P, Lisiewicz J, Bartus R, et al. 1990b. The serum immunoglobulins in workers after prolonged occupational exposure to the mercury vapors. Rev Roum Med Intern 28(l) 25-30. 

An MRL of 0.3 ppm was derived for chronic exposure to carbon disulfide. This MRL was derived based on peripheral neuropathy (reduced motor nerve conduction velocity) in humans after prolonged occupational exposure to carbon disulfide. A LOAEL of 7.6 ppm was established for this effect. Although a dose response was achieved, the effect was considered minimal since the reductions in motor nerve condition velocity were within a range of clinically normal values. This concentration was divided by an uncertainty factor of 30 (3 for use of a LOAEL, 10 for human variability) to yield the calculated MRL of 0.3 ppm. 

Bottom ley WW, Sheehan-Dare RA, Hughes P, et al. 1993. A sclerodermatous syndrome with unusual features following prolonged occupational exposure to organic solvents. Br J Dermatol 128 203-206. 

Prolonged occupation of PGI2 receptors results in a substantial (> 80%) reduction in the amount of and the possibility clearly exists that both the receptor and the G-protein (or part of the G-complex) are internalized together. There is no explanation at present for the lack of similar effect due to adenosine. Figure 8.27 shows a schematic representation of the proteins involved in the process. 

Recently, however, a sclerodermatous syndrome with unusual features and visceral involvement has been reported following prolonged occupational exposure (32 years) to a wide variety of organic solvents (including benzene in various forms, toluenes, tolui-dines, xylenes, xylidenes, aniline compounds, and ethanolamine and its derivatives) (Bottomley et al. 1993). Associated functional changes include cold sensitivity, restrictive pulmonary disease, peripheral... 

As a result of the widespread perception that street works are often unnecessarily protracted, the government held consultations before activating Section 74 of the NRSWA under The Street Works (Charges for Unreasonably Prolonged Occupation of the Highway) (England) Regulations 2001. 

There are indications that prolonged occupational exposure to tamarind powder may result in allergy and impairment of lung function."... 

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