Threshold of significance

Statistical evaluations of the threshold of significant effect of methional, 1-nonanal, and phenylacetaldehyde in enzyme-inactivated beef slurries were determined. A score sheet like the one shown in Figure 4 but providing for evaluation of three rather than two samples was used. Panel members evaluated the odor quality of a standard sample (S) and three coded samples, one of which was identical with the standard. The other two samples contained the test compound at increasing concentration levels. 

A threshold of significant effect was considered to have been determined when a significant difference in odor quality from that of enzyme-inactivated nonirradiated beef slurry was noted. As before, a t-test for correlated pairs was used. The following quantities of methional, 1-nonanal, and phenylacetaldehyde were required. 

Remaining in treatment for an adequate period of time is critical for treatment effectiveness. The appropriate duration for an individual depends on his or her problems and needs. Research indicates that for most patients, the threshold of significant improvement is reached at about three months in treatment. After this threshold is reached, additional treatment can produce further progress toward recovery. Because people often leave treatment prematurely, programs should include strategies to engage and keep patients in treatment. 

There is promise too—early promise, to be sure—in systemic insecticides and in microbial pesticidal agents. We are, it is certain, on the threshold of significant discoveries in those areas. 

Finally, microroughness and defects are micromapped, down to a threshold of 0.3 /rm. Table 1 summarizes the LMA-VIRGO measurements of optics for the VIRGO end mirror, and compares them with VIRGO requirements. For all parameters, average values are significantly better than the specifications. 

Human or natural actions that significantly alter the erosion resistance of the ground surface can lead to dramatic increases in erosion rates. Channel networks dissect natural landscapes down to a fine-scale limit controlled by a threshold of channel initiation (Montgomery and Dietrich, 1992). In effect, channels begin where sufficient discharge collects to overcome the erosion resistance of the ground surface (Horton, 1945 Montgomery and Dietrich, 1988). Consequently, human or natural actions... 

Methods to determine and control the properties of individual surfactant molecules and to determine the conditions needed to produce well-defined molecular assemblies are just beginning to emerge. We are at the threshold of being able to produce dehberately stmctured supramolecular entities with properties tailored to meet special applications. Some additional examples of problems that will have significant impacts over the next one or two decades follow ... 

Gardner reported that excellent, quantitative relationships also exist between the thresholds of amino acids and peptides and the connectivity indices ( a )- These relationships are of the same order of significance as the relationship between thresholds and hydrophobicity, but they are applicable to a wider range of compounds. 

This is a rather labyrinthine possibility. It suggests that, like the serpentine body of the Loch Ness monster, which rises and falls above and below the water in drawings that you see of it, the effects of antidepressants might rise and fall below and above the threshold of clinical significance, depending on how severely depressed the person was to begin with. 

The ammonia necessary for the reaction is the main hindrance to the SCR-NH3 process because pure ammonia is an irritating and toxic gas which cannot be released in the exhaust line. Particular care must be taken to ensure that the maximal NH3 content released in the exhaust does not exceed the threshold of 10 ppm. NH3 release in the exhaust line can be prevented by keeping the overall urea/NOx ratio significantly below stoichiometry or by installing an NH3 clean-up catalyst behind the SCR catalyst. 

PEG (20 kDa) [43]. This demonstrates the strong hydrodynamic properties of PEGylated molecules. The increase in hydrodynamic radius significantly decreases renal clearance. Although the threshold of the molecular weight cut-off of renal filtration of protein is about 65 kDa, the 30-kDa PEG demonstrates minimal renal permeability [44]. 

In this case, a moderately water-soluble amphiphilic N-vinylcaprolaclam (NVC1) played the role of a fl-unit, and a well-water-compatible N-vinyl-imidazole (NVIAz) served as a P-unil. The polymerization was carried out in a medium of 10% aqueous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The addition of DMSO to the reaction solvent was necessary because of insufficient NVC1 solubility in pure water. It was also shown that in this solvent mixture, the NVCl-homopolymers and NVCl/NVIAz-copolymers retained their LCST-behaviour [26,28]. Hence, the DMSO in the reaction solvent did not significantly suppress the hydrophobic interactions of the NVC1 units. The polymerization was initiated by the redox system (N,N,N, N -tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) + ammonium persulphate (APS)) and was carried out at 65 °C (1st step). This condition was very important, since admittedly the temperature was higher than the phase separation threshold of the reaction bulk when the polymeric products were formed that is, under these thermal conditions, hydrophobically-induced folding as the NVCl-blocks appear was ensured. After completion of the reaction, the... 

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