Thomsen effect

In situations where high-pressure pipeline gas is reduced to the pressure of a distribution system, some LNG can be produced without the use of a compressor. This can be achieved simply by using the Joule-Thomsen effect of the gas for liquefying a certain fraction of the natural gas. 

The role played by sialic acid in masking cell-surface antigens may be ascertained only by the enhanced antigenicity created by its removal from the cell surface. Masking was first noted by Thomsen (1927) in the study of the erythrocyte. In a phenomenon which came to be known as the Thomsen effect, Friedenreich (1930) observed the agglutination of red blood cells under the influence of a substance later shown to be the... 

Studying a phenomenon perhaps related to the Thomsen effect, Sanford (1967) reported that incubation with neuraminidase of the mammary carcinoma ascites cell, TA3-Ha, reduced its transplantability in an allogeneic mouse strain (Sanford, 1967). Other examples of the reduced transplantability of neuraminidase-treated tumor cells, both in allogeneic (Currie, 1967 Currie and Bagshawe, 96Sa,b) and syngeneic (Simmons et al., 91 a,b Rios and Simmons, 1973 Sethi and Brandis, 1973 Bekesi et al., 1971) systems were soon reported. 

Nernst, in his Theoretische Chemie, devoted a whole chapter to a critical examination of the rule of Thomsen and Berthelot, and he concluded that in many cases the heat of reaction certainly does correspond very closely with the maximum work, AT, which latter magnitude he took from van t Hoff as a measure of the chemical affinity. Whilst pointing out that it very often gives results wholly incompatible with experience, and cannot therefore be indiscriminately applied, Nernst showed that the rule nevertheless holds good in too many cases to be wholly false in an appropriate metaphor he claimed that it contains a genuine kernel of truth which has not yet been shelled from its enclosing hull. This labour of emancipation was partially effected in the newer work of the same author, Applications of Thermodynamics to Chemistry, 1907, which is an attempt to place the rule of Berthelot on a scientific basis, and to determine under what conditions its use is legitimate. He points out that the equation ... 

Thomsen BJ, Schroder H, Kristinsson J et al. Possible carcinogenic effect of 6-mercaptopurine on bone marrow stem cells relation to thiopurine metabolism. Cancer 1999 86 1080-1086. 

Thomsen,133 Smolenski and Kozlowski,134 and Reeves and Blouin131 observed that sodium hydroxide has a relatively large effect on the optical rotation of sucrose. a,a-TrehaloSe,m on the other hand, is affected only slightly. Thomsen133 and Reeves and Blouin131 made no attempt to interpret the unusual behavior of sucrose Smolenski and Kozlowski,134 however, assumed that the reaction was that of alcoholate formation, and they calculated dissociation constants for sucrose. 

The use of lithium in medicine has been the subject of recent reviews by Birch,81 Birch and Sadler29 and references therein, and Tosteson.82 Historically, the use of lithium in medicine began with the treatment of gout and rheumatics in 1859. For the following 90 years, lithium was proposed for a variety of disorders and then discarded for example, lithium bromide was considered to be an effective sedative. In 1949 lithium was introduced into psychiatric practice and lithium carbonate, LijCOj, became the first of the modern psychotropic drugs. In a review of double-blind trials Schou and Thomsen (1975) support the prophylactic use of this drug in bipolar (manic-depressive) illness. 

Schou, M., Amdisen, A., Thomsen, K. (1968). The effect of lithium on the normal mind. In P. Baudis, E. Peterova, S. V. Plzen (Eds.), De psychiatria progrediente (Vol. 2). London North-Holland. 

Sprensen PB, Vorkamp K, Thomsen M. 2004. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Greenland environment—long-term temporal changes and effects on eggs of a bird of prey. NERI Technical Report 509. Silkeborg (DK) National Environment Research Institute. 

Vermehren, C., Hansen, H. S., and Thomsen, M. K. (1996), Time dependent effects of two absorption enhancers on the nasal absorption of growth hormone in rabbits, Int. J. Pharm., 128,239-250. 

Olesen OV, Licht RW, Thomsen E, Bruun T, Viftrup JE, Linnet K. Serum concentrations and side effects in psychiatric patients during risperidone therapy. Ther Drug Monit 1998 20(4) 380-4. 

An important practical generalisation from Thomsen s results is that the heat capacity of an aqueous solution is approximately equal to that of the water it contains this is used in calorimetry. Thomsen pointed out that the difference between the volume of solution and volume of water also decreases with dilution, so that dilution causes a contraction. This effect is called electrostriction ( 4. VIIIB). 

Thomsen C., Schulz-Bull D. E., Petrick G., and Duinker J. C. (1998) Seasonal variabihty of the long-chain alkenone flux and the effect on the U37 index in the Norwegian Sea. Org. Geochem. 28, 311-323. 

A number of important regularities have been brought to light by the numerous researches of Thomsen, Berthelot, Stoh-mann, and others, which enable us to predict quantitatively the effect on the heat of combustion of a particular kind of bond between atoms or groups of atoms in the molecule. 

Schaefer, T. Taagegaard, B. Thomsen, L.J. Rristensen, H.G. Melt Pelletization in a High Shear Mixer. IV. Effects of Process Variables in a Laboratory Scale Mixer. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 1993,1 (3), 125-131. 

Cobbe SM, Campbell RW, Camm AJ, Nathan AW, Rowland E, Bloch-Thomsen PE, Moller M, Jordaens L. Effects of intravenous dofetilide on induction of atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia. Heart 2001 86(5) 522-6. 

Kober L, Bloch Thomsen PE, Moller M, Torp-Pedersen C, Carlsen J, Sandoe E, Egstrup K, Agner E, Videbaek J, Marchant B, Camm AJ Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide (DIAMOND) Study Group. Effect of dofetilide in patients with recent myocardial infarction and left-ventricular dysfunction a randomised trial. Lancet 2000 356(9247) 2052-8. 

Olsen ME, Thomsen T, Hassager C, Ibsen H, Dige-Petersen H. Hemodynamic and renal effects of... 

Petersen V, Hvidt S, Thomsen K, Schou M. Effect of prolonged thiazide treatment on renal lithium clearance. BMJ 1974 3(924) 143-5. 

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