Thermoset glass

The fibres generally used for polymer reinforcement are glass, carbon and less often PTFE or metals. For use in thermosets, glass or carbon fibre may be used in the form of a pressed mat, or bundles of fibres may be laid in a preferred orientation. This enables anisotropic properties to be obtained where this is beneficial. The alternative is to disperse chopped fibres randomly in the polymer matrix. This gives... 

Cyglas . [Am. Cyanamid] Thermoset glass-reinforced polyester conqx>sites molding coirq>ds. 

Lithopone. [Sachtleben Oiemie GmbH] Zinc sulflde/barium sulfate white pigment fnr thermosets, glass fiber-reinforced thermosets arid thermoplastics, paper applies. 

Chem. Descrip. Calcium carbonate CAS 471-34-1 EINECS/ELINCS 207439-9 Uses Filler tor water-based coatings and inks, paper, paper coatings, thermosets (glass-reinforced polyester), thermoplastics (PP, ABS), PVC pipe, siding, profiles, extrusion, film, sheeting, color cones., paint (gloss. 

Glacier 200] Glacier400] Glacier 600. See Talc Glaskyd . See Polyester resin, thermosetting Glass... 

Reinforcements are arranged in different ways they can be laid in one continuous direction, oriented at 0/90°, laid in different directions in different layers, or even arranged randomly, as in fact is the case with the most widely used composites. Quite often the fibres have to be combined with others in order to achieve improved properties the resulting composites are known as hybrid, and are usually composed of thermosets, glass fibre and carbon fibre. 

ASTM (2011), ASTM D3917 Standard Specification for Dimensional Tolerance of Thermosetting Glass-Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Shapes, West Conshohocken, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials. 

Polyamide-imides Polyarylsulfones (PAS) Polybutylenes (PB) Polycarbonates (PC) Polyesters (thermoplastic) Polyesters (thermoset-glass fiber filled)... 

Alkyds are formulated from polyester resins, cross-linking monomers, and fillers of mineral or glass. The unsaturated polyester resins used for thermosetting alkyds are the reaction products of polyfunctional organic alcohols (glycols) and dibasic organic acids. 

Corrosion Resistant Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP). Fiber glass reinforcement bonded with furfuryl alcohol thermosetting resias provides plastics with unique properties. Excellent resistance to corrosion and heat distortion coupled with low flame spread and low smoke emission are characteristics that make them valuable as laminating resins with fiber glass (75,76). Another valuable property of furan FRP is its strength at elevated temperature. Hand-layup, spray-up, and filament-win ding techniques are employed to produce an array of corrosion-resistant equipment, pipes, tanks, vats, ducts, scmbbers, stacks, and reaction vessels for industrial appHcations throughout the world. 

Reinforced Thermoplastic Sheet. This process uses precombined sheets of thermoplastic resin and glass fiber reinforcement, cut into blanks to fit the weight and size requirements of the part to be molded. The blanks, preheated to a specified temperature, are loaded into the metal mold and the material flows under mol ding pressure to fiU the mold. The mold is kept closed under pressure until the temperature of the part has been reduced, the resin solidified, and demolding is possible. Cycle time, as with thermosetting resins, depends on the thickness of the part and the heat distortion temperature of the resin. Mol ding pressures are similar to SMC, 10—21 MPa (1500—3000 psi), depending on the size and complexity of the part. 

Many different thermosetting polymers are used in pultmsion, eg, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, and urethane. Reinforcements must be in a continuous form such as rovings, tows, mats, fabrics, and tapes. Glass fibers are the low cost, dominant composition, but aramid and carbon fibers are also used. 

Polyurethane. Polyurethanes (pu) are predominantly thermosets. The preparation processes for polyurethane foams have several steps (see Urethane polymers) and many variations that lead to products of widely differing properties. Polyurethane foams can have quite low thermal conductivity values, among the lowest of all types of thermal insulation, and have replaced polystyrene and glass fiber as insulation in refrigeration. The sprayed-on foam can be appHed to walls, roofs, tanks, and pipes, and between walls or surfacing materials directly. The slabs can be used as insulation in the usual ways. 

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