Thermal stability combustion

Properties Colorless liquid characteristic odor. D 0.891 (20/4C), bp 161-164C (0.3 mm Hg), flash p 385F (196C) (COC). Miscible with most common organic solvents insoluble in water, hydrolyzes very slowly exposure to air should be minimum high thermal stability. Combustible. 

Ballistic Strength. 100% T NT (BuM ine s) Explosion Temperature. Does not expld or ignite at 360° or below Heat of Combustion. 8l8.1kcal/mole Hygroscopicity. Practically none Impact Sensitivity. Comparable to TNT Power. By Trauzl test, 103% TNT Rifle Bullet Test. No detonations from impact of. 30 cal bullet at 90 ft Thermal Stability. Unsatisfactory, loses 49% of wt in 48 hrs at 75° (International Test) Velocity of Detonation. No information Salts of (m-Nitrophenyll-dinitromethane. Milone and Massa (Ref 2) prepd several metallic salts and found that their expl power decreased with increasing atomic v/t of the metal Following are some of the expl salts K salt—yel crysts ... 

Trimerization to isocyanurates (Scheme 4.14) is commonly used as a method for modifying the physical properties of both raw materials and polymeric products. For example, trimerization of aliphatic isocyanates is used to increase monomer functionality and reduce volatility (Section 4.2.2). This is especially important in raw materials for coatings applications where higher functionality is needed for crosslinking and decreased volatility is essential to reduce VOCs. Another application is rigid isocyanurate foams for insulation and structural support (Section 4.1.1) where trimerization is utilized to increase thermal stability and reduce combustibility and smoke formation. Effective trimer catalysts include potassium salts of carboxylic acids and quaternary ammonium salts for aliphatic isocyanates and Mannich bases for aromatic isocyanates. 

While drying in a tray dryer at 60°C, a batch decomposed fairly exothermically but without fire. As a blowing agent, it is designed to have limited thermal stability [1], One of the recently calculated values of 87° and 78°C for induction periods of 7 and 60 days, respectively, for critical ignition temperature coincides with the previous value of 8777 days. Autocatalytic combustion is exhibited. 

Preliminary results of methane catalytic combustion indicated that Pt/H-MCM-22 sample showed a 100% conversion at 700°C with 100% selectivity toward the C02 formation. The sample showed also high thermal stability in fact, the catalytic activity was preserved after heating overnight at 800°C under air flow. (Catalytic data kindly provided by Ing. R. Pirone, Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione Italian CNR). 

Surprisingly, when the cathode material, LiCo02, was in the presence of these thermally stable salts, Lilm and LiMe, much higher reactivity was detected than that in the presence of LiPFe, as indicated by the total absence of any combustion suppression on SHR that had been observed with LiPFe. DSC results of LiCoOz in the presence of Lilm- or LiBeti-based electrolytes confirmed the above observation, which showed the onset thermal decomposition of LiCo02 to be at 280 °C, whereas in LiPFe-based electrolytes the same thermal event was much suppressed in terms of heat evolution as the concentration of LiPFe increased. In other words, the presence of Lilm and LiBeti did not introduce any increase in the thermal stability of the electrode, while LiPFe, although believed to be thermally unstable, efficiently suppressed the thermal decomposition of the cathode. 

It was all the more satisfying to find a linear correlation (Fig. 1) between the thermal stability of most aliphatic compounds of Table 5 as expressed by ti/2 = Ih or by AG (300 °C), and their ground state strain. The strain energies were obtained by force field calculations and confirmed for a selected number of examples by the determination of heats of combustion This proves that C-C-bond... 

Since this chapter was prepared, the only chemical developments in compounds belonging to this class have involved artemisinin and its derivatives, and some of these will be summarized here. Using combustion calorimetry, Liu and co-workers have determined the standard molar enthalpies of formation of artemisinin 9a, artemether 28a and artesunate 31 as —1493, —2420 and —3320kJmoP respectively, and the thermal stabilities of these compounds were also investigated by thermal analysis in combination with FT-IR <2007MI1045>. 

Because propellants are constantly subjected to abnormally high temperatures in various parts of the propulsion system during operation, high thermal stability is desirable. Decomposition of the propellant at temperatures experienced in the combustion chamber cooling jacket, the injector, and/or the gas film on the combustion chamber wall, can cause undesirable product deposition (resulting in local "hot spots and burnout), explosion in the cooling jacket and/or injector, undesired reaction chains in the combustion chamber, etc. 

The most important attributes of this invention are high impulse performance coupled with high exit temperature on primary combustion and favorable boron species in the primary motor exhaust. The system is also insensitive to impact and possesses excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Additionally, the system is readily castable since the addition of solid oxidizers is not required. Further, high flexibility in the ballistic properties of the gas generator can be achieved by the addition of solid oxidizers such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, hydroxylammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, calcium nitrate, barium perchlorate, RDX, HMX etc. The oxidizers are preferably powdered to a particle size of about 10 to 350 microns [13]. 

N-guanylurea dinitramide (commonly known as FOX-12) has low sensitivity and is an excellent candidate for insensitive munitions [72]. It is neither hygroscopic nor soluble in water. Its thermal stability is comparable to RDX and superior to that of ADN. The substitution of ammonium in dinitramide by an organic cation results in the change of combustion temperature and reactivity of the fuel. 

NENAs possess good thermal stability, readily plasticize NC and other binders, generate low molecular weight combustion products and impart favorable impact sensitivity. Butyl NENA has edge over others because it imparts better low temperature properties as well [182]. The use of NENAs as plasticizers in gun and rocket propellant formulations imparts excellent properties such as high bum rates, reduction in flame temperature and molecular mass of combustion products and high force constant or specific impulse [183]. 

Because of the close similarity of ionic radii, transition metal ions (M = Mn, Cu, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni) can be partially substituted for A1 ions. These transition metal ions can provide significant activity in combustion reaction.5 At low metal concentrations, the structural and morphological properties are not significantly affected by substitution, so that high thermal stability is maintained. Substituted hexaaluminates can be directly shaped in the monolith form required by the combustor, providing bulk active catalysts without need of ceramic supports. 

Materials for high-temperature catalytic combustion should possess both elevated activity and high thermal stability. Generally these are opposite features,32-33 so... 

The maximum temperature that can be used for regeneration is limited by the thermal stability of the catalyst. Figure 9 shows the temperature stability of natural and synthetic catalysts in bone-dry air. In commercial units these catalysts are regenerated at substantially lower temperature because the presence of steam reduces the thermal stability limit. The steam is produced from the combustion of the hydrogen in the coke deposit on the catalyst. 

Heat of combustion (calcd) 812.6 kcal/mol Heat of explosion (calcd) 303.4 kcal/mol Impact sensitivity (FT) = Tetryl Power by ballistic mortar 129% TNT Power by Trauzl test 137% TNT Temp developed on expln (calcd) 3247 Thermal stability satisfactory This expl compd is not found in Beil or in CA... 

The pentanitro compd is compatible with both NC and rubber in all proportions. It has a heat of combustion of 2890cal/g heat of formation of —277kcal at 25° an impact sensitivity of 100+cm (RDX 50% pt is 30cm) in the 134.5° thermal stability test using methyl violet... 

---