The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

In 1969, we recommended long-term reevaluation of our subjects. But it wasn t until 1980 that LTC David McFarling at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) published a comprehensive follow-up of Edgewood volunteers who had received LSD. The results, discussed in detail later in this book, failed to demonstrate any clear-cut, long-term adverse medical or psychiatric effects. 

The Army didn t act to shield itself from further criticism until the mid-1970s, when Congress began to feel increasing pressure from critics. Only then, did its members request a systematic search for possible after effects in former LSD volunteers. Lieutenant Colonel David A. McFarling, MD, a psychiatrist assigned to the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) in DC, accepted the task. He designed a comprehensive follow-up study of all volunteers who had received LSD under Chemical Corps auspices. In October 1980, the US Army Medical Department, US Army Health Services Command, published his report. 

As my time at Stanford was approaching an end, my old boss Joe Blair at Edgewood and my mentor David Rioch at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) simultaneously requested my assignment to their installations. Both apparently believed (incorrectly) that my competence had somehow been enhanced by my 24-month sojourn in the magic halls of academe. 

Information provided by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, U.S. Department of the Army... 

The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research s Department of Behavioral Biology has developed a field-deployable version of a commercial Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) that has been widely used in sleep research. The software runs on handheld PDAs running the Palm Operating System (Palm OS). It is modeled after the simple reaction time task of Wilkinson and Houghton,57 as modified by Dinges and Powell.58 The Palm OS version incorporates additional stimulus, feedback, control, and data options developed by Dr. Thome. In laboratory studies, performance on the PDA task has been shown to be sensitive to time-on-task fatigue effects, sleep deprivation, and circadian variation.18 Field studies have utilized the PVT to measure the efficacy of caffeine gum as a sleep loss countermeasure. 

We would like to thank Drs. Robert Engle, Jean Karle, Dennis Kyle, Wil Milhous and Robert Miller of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research for their advice and collaborations in preceding years, members of the Medicinal Chemistry Department (University of Mississippi), and Dr. James D. McChesney (NaPro Biotherapeutics). Support of this work was funded by the Department of Defense USAAMRDC (WRAIR), UNDPAVorld Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), NIAID, and the University of Mississippi Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 

C. Canfield, Biol. Systems, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20879, personal communication on compounds tested at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington, D.C. 

The test system used by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research for screening compounds against leishmania infections in golden hamsters has been described, and data were presented on a variety of 6,and 3-aminoqulnollnes. The most active analog, 6, was more than TOO times as active as the meglumine antlmoniate (Glucanttme ) standard. 

Few obligations are as pleasant to meet as my duty to thank the many people who so graciously contributed to this book. They include Captain Kevin Pitzer, Ph.D., who described the medicinal chemistry practiced at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. From the National Institutes of Health, Richard Drury and Dr. Kenneth Kirk acquainted me with chemical research in their organizations. Respectively, Frank E. Walworth and Dr. Mary Jordan from the American Chemical Society kindly reviewed passages and generously contributed salary data from surveys. Novelist Barry A. Nazarian offered gentle criticism. So did Dr. Thomas C. Nugent of Catalytica, Inc., who read the whole manuscript and drew the distinction between process research and process development that appears here over his name. 

In studies of normal persons deprived of sleep, and colleagues at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, and the Division of Nuclear Medicine of Johns Hopkins, examined the effect of 24, 48, and 72 h of sleep deprivation on the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglu),young,normal,... 

Services and Emergency Management for the State of Indiana. He also directed Hazmat response, crisis management, and fire safety for IBM. He is a former Army Captain assigned to the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and past Chair of the US. Earthquake Consortium. Hauer also served on the U.S. Geological Survey ad hoc working group on earth-quake-related casualties. He currently serves on the FBI Scientific Advisory Council on Hazardous Materials Response. 

The system, still operating to this date, is based on the approach used at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington, D.C. The system was extensively enhanced to meet the specific needs of the Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories (MSDRL) and the Chemical Data Department (CDD) which is responsible for processing chemical structure information at Merck and Co., Inc. 

A recent study has compared the NCI-DCT system with the NIH-EPA Chemical Information System for the ability to perform substructure searches of large files of compounds (22). The Merck modification of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research substructure search system was also compared. This report should be referred to for a detailed analysis of these major substructure systems. Another system, prepared with a smaller computer and a smaller set of chemicals, has been developed by Jurs and colleagues 23). All of these systems can be readily used in substructural analysis studies. It would appear that the exact coding system used in such studies is not critical, but no definitive comparisons of these systems for SAR utility have been performed. 

The author wishes to thank the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Research Corporation for a Frederick Cottrell grant, and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research for support. 

The Division of Experimental Therapeutics, The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, in conjunction with the Division of Biometrics has been engaged in the development and implementation of a large scale integrated chemical - biological data retrieval system for the support of the Army Medical Research and Development Command s drug development activities. 

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