The U. S. and Great Britain

Lasagna, Louis Wardell, William and Hansen, Ronald, "Technological Innovation and Government Regulation of Pharmaceuticals in the U.S. and Great Britain", National Science Foundation Grant No. RDA-75 19066-00, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, 1977. 

Spelling also varies between the U.S. and Great Britain. The British spelling of sodium sulfite is sodium sulphite, and sodium sulfate is spelled sodium sulphate. The Darkroom Cookbook will use the U.S. spelling. 

Warden, W. M., The Drug Lag Revisited Comparisons by Therapeutic Area of Patterns of Drugs Marketed in the U.S. and Great Britain From 1972 Through 1976, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24 499-524,1978. 

This is the reason why, in recent years, the author has, at the request of the research departments of various big chemical concerns in the U.S.A., Great Britain and other countries in Western Europe, delivered lectures with the purpose of achieving possible applications in the different fields. In the past years the author has also discussed these subjects at Delft Technical University in special courses of optional lectures. Some of the students or graduates, who attended these lectures, have contributed to the further development of the methods and thus have developed new fields of application. 

Since the first experiments of Oxley et al. in the U.S. and Dickson and Salter in Great Britain, almost every laboratory with high energy protons has undertaken polarization experiments. The number of experiments reported is extremely large and the amount of activity going on in this field make a summary obsolete in a short time. Reviews of polarization experiments can be found in the proceedings of the Rochester Conferences and Glasgow Conference . 

One of the earliest questions studied by the USCWC was the coordination of Anglo-American requirements for smoke-producing materials. Even before the formation of the USCWC in 1942 the United States and Great Britain had begun talks on this subject. Later, the invasion of French North Africa brought with it a need for smoke pots to screen the ports against German air attack. In the summer of 1943 the U.S. Army did not... 

By the time Herty arrived, the European parties had already decided to claim and distribute 5,200 tons of the German stocks subject to the 50 percent provision of the peace treaty. Using consumption and production figures from 1913-1914, the Allies divided the allotment proportionally, with the United States and Great Britain receiving rights to the majority of the dyes. Herty s primary task centered on selecting the desired dyes for the U.S. 

The interchangeability of joints is ensured by the use of a standard taper of 1 in 10 on the diameter (i.e., a cone of semi-angle 2° 51 45 ) and limited tolerances on the cone semi-angles and the dimensions of the joints. The specifications for joints in Great Britain and the U.S.A. differ. It will accordingly be necessary to treat each separately. 

The action of sulphuric acid alone upon acetone cyanohydrin affords a-methylacrylic acid. The methyl methacrylate polymers are the nearest approach to an organic glass so far developed, and are marketed as Perspex (sheet or rod) or Dialcon (powder) in Great Britain and as Plexiglass and Luciie in the U.S.A. They are readily depolymerised to the monomers upon distillation. The constitution of methyl methacrylate polymer has been given as ... 

Chemical Industry - has risks comparable to or possibly greater then those of the nuclear power industry, but no risk studies of chemical plants in the U.S. have been published. Great Britain, on the other hand, has been active in this area, e.g., the Canvey Island Study (Section 11.4.1 and Green, 1982). 

Kaplan and Kelloner estimated that between 1972 and 1982, the number of deliveries with general anesthesia in the U.S., Canada, and Great Britain was 29,31,300. Only four cases of MH were reported in obstetric cases during this time. These statistics support Crawford s view that pregnancy may have a protective effect against MH (Crawford, 1972). 

Great Britain imports more tea than any other nation. In 1993, imports of tea to the U.K. were 193,837 metric tons (the equivalent of over 340,000), which represents 56% of all imports to Europe.22 Most imports of tea to the U.K. come from Malawi and India.27 Pakistan is the second largest importer of tea, followed by the U.S. 

The spread of economic development has pushed the use of automobiles to all parts of the modern world. The bulk of industrialized nations including Japan, Britain, Germany, France and others have seen great increases in energy use. At the end of the 20th century, the U. S. used more energy per capita than any other nation, twice the rate of Sweden and almost three times that of Japan or Italy. In 1988, the United States, with only 5% of the earth s population, consumed 25% of all the world s oil and released about a fourth of the world s atmospheric carbon. 

A global accord on reducing hydrocarbon emissions was reached at the 1992 Early Summit in Brazil. Great Britain and Germany came close to meeting their 2000 targets while the U.S. fell short of its goal by 15 to 20%. 

Despite Germany s surrender, Japan continued to resist the unconditional surrender demanded by the Allied Forces. Knowing that the U.S. would shortly have enriched uranium and plutonium bombs ready for use enabled Truman to avoid extending Japan an offer of surrender that allowed the Emperor to continue to rule. On July 26, 1945, the Potsdam Declaration was issued via radio to Japan. President Truman, Chiang Kai-Shek of Nationalist China, and Winston Churchill of Great Britain called on the Japanese government to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction. 4 Japanese leadership rejected the declaration on July 29, 1945. 

Spores may be transferred from soil and plants to the sea via rainwater, causing the prevalence in coastal waters of the same C. botulinum types as on the land. Such a correlation was observed in Great Britain, where the type B predominates both in soil and in bottom sediments. Similarly, 71% of fish and bottom-sediment samples collected in southern France were contaminated with type B, while C. botulinum type E was found only in 9.6% of samples (Each et al., 2002). However, it is commonly believed that non-proteolytic type E is characteristic for the marine environment. A distinguishing feature of type E strains is the ability to grow in low temperatures (about 3°C), which are typical for bottom layers of seas and oceans. Moreover, the bottom sediments provide anaerobic conditions for the outgrowth of Clostridium. Therefore, the marine environment promotes C. botulinum type E distribution. This has been further supported by the rate of fish and seafood contamination fish and seafood isolated in many countries are most frequently contaminated with C. botulinum type E (Dodds, 1993 a,b). Furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown that the majority of botulism cases linked to fish and seafood consumption reported between 1950 and 1996 in the U.S. were caused by C. botulinum type E (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1998). C. botulinum type F,... 

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