Semi-angle

The interchangeability of joints is ensured by the use of a standard taper of 1 in 10 on the diameter (i.e., a cone of semi-angle 2° 51 45 ) and limited tolerances on the cone semi-angles and the dimensions of the joints. The specifications for joints in Great Britain and the U.S.A. differ. It will accordingly be necessary to treat each separately. 

Figure 5.41. Schematic diagram of the low loss region and an ionization edge recorded with an angle-limiting collection aperture of semi-angle 3.

In equations (3) and (4), a is the semi angle of the illuminating convergence cone, is the coefficient of chromatic aberration, AE is the thermal energy spread of the electrons of charge e and AI/I and AV/V are the relative fluctuations of lens current and high voltage, respectively. 

Fig. 4.2. The field in a solid due to focused acoustic waves incident on the surface. The lens semi-angle in the fluid was 10°, the ratio of acoustic velocities in the fluid and in the solid was 0.25, and the paraxial focus was at a depth of 20 wavelengths in the solid, (a) Intensity distribution along the axis (b) lateral intensity distribution in the focal plane. (Courtesy of Bruce Thompson.)...

Fig. 17, The correction factor to the Smoluchowski rate coefficient for reaction between an isotropic reactant, B, and an axially symmetric reactant, A, which has a cap of reactivity of the spherical surface, subtending a semi-angle of 77/9, 77/2, 577/6 at the sphere s centre. The reaction radius is R and the radius of B is rB. Translational and rotational diffusion coefficients are given by eqn. (118), for reactions with G = 1, i.e,...

Recently, Steiger and Keizer [259b] have discussed the theory of reactions between anisotropically reactive species in considerable detail. They illustrated their analysis by using a diffusion equation approach to solve for the rate coefficient for reaction between species which displayed dipolar reactivity. The rate coefficient was reduced by approximately 15% from the Smoluchowski value [eqn. (19)]. Berdnikov and Doktorov [259c] have also analysed the rate of reactions between a spherical reactant having a reactive site, which is a spherical shell of semi-angle 60, and a spherical symmetric reactant. Again, these reactants were not allowed to rotate. Approximate analytic expressions were obtained for the rate coefficient, which was a factor feit less than the Collins and Kimball expression, where... 

Hill [263]. All of these could reasonably explain the measured reduction of the encounter pair formation rate coefficient. Being based on a more rigorous foundation, the Schmitz and Schurr model is to be preferred. From this analysis, Hasinoff [53] suggests that the heme unit in microperoxidase has a reactive site which subtends a semi-angle of 31° at the heme centre. 

Absolute temperature Activation energy Shear activation volume Die exit velocity Distance from die cone apex Geometric factor Die semi-angle Intrinsic thermal expansivity... 

Fig. 21. Schematic diagram of process flow stress paths for elements of material undergoing extrusion through a conical die of small semi-angle, and a uniaxial tensile test...

The expression linking the source brightness ( ), the probe current (/), the diameter of the probe (d) and the beam convergence semi-angle at the sample (a) ... 

These extrusion experiments were carried out with circular dies at temperatures between 90 and 120 C. The cone semi-angle of the die was 15 and the exit-bore diameter varied between 2.5 and 23.8 mm. The extrusion was supported by a haul-off stress of less than 10 MPa. 

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