The Plot Plan

Many equipment groupings can be used for economical plot arrangements. Two obvious groupings are furnaces and reactors. Small furnaces, however, are often placed in several locations as required by the process flow. For safety and economy, these furnaces should be located at the outer limits of the process unit. 

Another often-used equipment grouping is of housed compressors. Economy is achieved here by 

When piled foundations are used, by regrouping equipment can often save a number of piles, more than paying for increased piping cost. 

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Flare noise (roar of combustion) is the most serious because it is elevated and the sound carries. The flare can be located at a remote distance from the operating unit or surrounding community. Noise of steam injection into the burner can be reduced by using multiple no22les. Furnace noise from air intake, fuel systems, and combustion blower forced draft/induced draft (FD/ID) fans can be reduced by acoustics. The plot plan should be evaluated for noise generation and to find the means of alleviating or moving noise to a less sensitive area. 

Equipment Selection Criteria and Guidelines A number of factors should be considered in order to determine when to select a blowdown drum, cyclone separator, or quench tank to handle a multiphase stream from a relief device. Among these are the plot plan space available, the operating limitations of each type, and the physicochemical properties of the stream. 

Study of the Plot Plan Layout From the plot plan layout the number of safety valves in different process areas, the set pressures of safety valves, individual relieving loads of safety valves, relieving temperature of vapors, the nature of vapors (i.e., whether corrosive, condensable, or dry) are noted. 

Identify potential blast sources. Data provided by the literature (Sadee et al. 1976/ 1977 Gugan 1978 Robert and Pritchard 1982) identified potential blast sources. The plot plan in Figure 7.4 shows that the cloud covered a substantial area the oxidation and caprolactam plants (indicated in Figure 7.4 as Section 7 and 27) and also the more-or-less open area toward the hydrogen plant. 

An elevation plan should be drawn to scale showing the vertical relationships of all elevated equipment. These drawings, as well as the plot plan, are usually sketched by the engineer and then redrawn to scale by a draftsman. 

Research laboratories and office buildings are usually not included in the preliminary cost estimate. However, if they are contemplated their location should be indicated on the plot plan. 

Also indices such as the Dow Fire and Explosion Hazard Index and the Mond Index have been suggested to measure the degree of inherent SHE of a process. Rushton et al. (1994) pointed out that these indices can be used for the assessment of existing plants or at the detailed design stages. They require detailed plant specifications such as the plot plan, equipment sizes, material inventories and flows. Checklists, interaction matrices, Hazop and other hazard identification tools are also usable for the evaluation, because all hazards must be identified and their potential consequences must be understood. E.g. Hazop can be used in different stages of process design but in restricted mode. A complete Hazop-study requires final process plans with flow sheets and PIDs. 

Typical Definition Phase (FEL-3) Deliverables These are listed below. In this phase, emphasis is typically on optimizing the best flow scheme and support systems combination. This optimum includes consideration of the plot plan and equipment arrangements for the entire facility. Process optimization cannot be done in isolation. Significant and continuous interaction with operations, maintenance, and construction... 

This VIP is considered by most major engineering contractors to have become standard practice. The 3D-CAD VIP model development should be initiateciin the feasibility phase (FEL-2) after the plot plan has been finahzed and the first issue of P IDs is available. 

The field development imposes dramatic changes in fluid processing at the GCs. As a result, the amount of GC process equipment will more than double, correspondingly, the number of modules will be doubled as shown on the plot plan. Figure 9. The control system requires expansion proportionate to the amount of new equipment. Although this new equipment will be in new modules, it cannot be treated independently because it is closely coupled and highly interactive with the rest of the process. The low pressure separation project will add new first stage gas/oil separators which... 

In contrast, fire-tube boilers are much better suited for natural circulation and the steam drum can sit in piggyback-fashion, right on top of the boiler. This makes it possible to provide each boiler with its own separate steam drum, which allows greater flexibility in the plot plan. But it took some time before this boiler type was accepted in ammonia plants as the stress pattern is more complex and less predictable than in water-tube boilers. 

Plot Plan. The relationship between plant units, equipment, buildings and yard piping is shown on the plot plan. Positions of incoming and outgoing lines can be seen. Major structures, location of buildings and all equipment is shown. Roads crossing the yard or located under the yard steel are indicated. 

The number of lines can be estimated by marking up the yard on a print of the plot plan, with the help of flow diagrsuns, showing all lines located in the yard. Adding the number of lines (n), up to 18 inches in diameter, in the most dense section of the yard, the total width (W f ft.) will be as follows ... 

Plot Plan Layout Aid. The plot plan will be a major aid in the design and layout of the various sewer systems. It will indicate the locations of all the various pumps, exchangers, tanks and towers. It will also indicate the extent of paved areas, roadways, undei ound utilities (water and electric) and the locations and inverts of the various sewer tie-ins to the sewer mains at the battery limits. 

The layout of the various sewer systems can begin with a careful indication of all the major equipment foundations, the locations of which are taken from the plot plan. Care should be exercised to indicate all pipe rack columns, lighting poles and all minor footings, which, if not shown, may result in interferences with the sewers. Underground cooling-water systems should be integrated into the sewer system layout as an additional system as it would be impossible to avoid interferences. The same can be said of any underground electrical utilities they must be also indicated on the sewer layout to avoid any interferences. 

The probability of a turbine missile strike on any given area of the Nuclear Island is a function of the energy and direction of an ejected missile and the orientation of the turbine with respect to that area. The turbine-generator is arranged so that the planes of rotation of the turbine disks do not intersect any structures, systems, or components required to function to meet lOCFRlOO limits, thus minimizing the probability of adverse effects from a turbine missile. The orientation of the turbine is shown on the plot plan, Figure 1.3-1. 

For in-plant personnel, and especially for offsite persons, the map or the plot plan is an effective way to describe the size and the location of the site. It also helps locate where the emergency has developed. When the risk management program (RMP) was being developed by the companies of the Gulf Coast area, computer-based maps were extensively used to display the areas in and around the plants. 

The plot plan originally conceived for the Idaho area, was considerably larger than the one shown in Fig. 9.1.A. The north-south dimension was slightly longer and the east-west dimension was approximately 900 ft longer. When economy forced a cut-back, of the facilities planned for the reactor, the site was decreased in size-. The sewage-treatnwnt plant remains in its original location, which is now outside the perimeter fence. As this plant is a potential source of odors, it is isolated-as much as is practical. 

Piping design The plot plan is used to produce equipment arrangement studies that facilitate the interconnection of above- and below-ground process and utility piping systems and to estimate piping material quantities. 

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