Netherlands, The

The Labour Inspectorate, as part of the Ministry, is responsible for surveying and enforcing the OELs. 

In the Netherlands the Medicines Act 1958 provides the legal basis for the advertising of medicines. However, more detail is included in the Medicines Advertising Decree 1994, which implements the EU Directive on the Advertising of Medicinal Products (92/28/EEC), now included in the human use Directive 2001/83/EC (as amended) relating to medicinal products for humans. 

The Code of Conduct for Pharmaceutical Advertising (CPA) lays down rules similar to those included in the Medicines Advertising Decree. Most pharmaceutical companies have agreed to comply with this code via the industry association Nefarma. Nefarma and other industry associations have established a self-regulating body (the Code geneemiddelenreclame or CGR). The Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport has stipulated that the rules on advertising should be enforced by the CGR as well as by the Public Health Inspectorate. 

The Norwegian Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers (LMI) has a voluntary code of conduct that promotes the practice of fair and ethical marketing. 

In December 2004, the Norwegian Medical Association and LMI jointly laid down an ethical code and guidelines on cooperation and interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. 

Promotes and fosters the dissemination of scientific and technical information on the environmental effects of organotin compounds. 

The professional organization for chemists and chemical engineers in The Netherlands. 

In 1955, J.F. Arens, at the University of Groningen, proposed a sophisticated and most interesting reagent for peptide bond formation, indeed the first coupling reagent, ethoxyacetylene (p. 88). With his associates, mainly with H.J. Panne-man, he demonstrated the practical application of the new method in which ethyl acetate is set free as the only by-product. 

Holleman (1859-1953)175 played a key role in the development of our knowledge and understanding of aromatic substitution. He was the first to realize the importance of measuring rates of substitution and proportions of isomers formed. Much of his work came before the development of electronic theories of organic reactivity. In 1910, he published a book entitled Die direkte EinfUhrung von Substituenten in den Benzolkern, which contained a systematic description of all the then known facts about 

Drenth has since expanded these notes into a full-blown book (in Dutch) and has extended his coverage to 1994.188 Only just over a quarter of the book is devoted to the period up to 1970, while there is an exhaustive treatment of more modem times, with respect to the individual workers and institutions and the fields in which they have worked. Drenth has also unearthed biographical material on S. C. J. Olivier (1879-1961), who carried out pioneering work in the kinetics and mechanisms of organic reactions in solution from about 1912 to 1938.189 190For many years he was assisted by G. Berger (1892-1942). This work was mentioned in the monographs of Hammett,191 Waters,192 and Watson.193 

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A magnificent study of life, thoughr and art in 14th and 15th century France and the Netherlands, long established as a classic. 

Utilization of LPG as motor fuel represents only a tiny fraction of the market, on the order of 30,000 t/an in France out of a total 3,000,000 t that is, about 1%. Globally, the fraction of LPG used in the transportation industry is on the order of 5% the other applications are essentially petrochemicals (25%) and the heating fuel sectors (70%). However noticeable openings in the LPG-fuel markets in some countries such as Japan (1.8 Mt), the United States (1.3 Mt), the Netherlands (0.9 Mt), Italy (0.8 Mt) and in certain regions (Latin America, Africa, and the Far East) have been observed for specialized vehicles such as taxis. 

Frank Jahn has worked as a Petroleum Geologist mainly in Brunei, Thailand, the Netherlands and the UK. He has designed and taught multi-disciplinary training courses related to oil and gas field exploration and development worldwide. After 11 years with a multinational company he became co-founder of TRACS International in 1992 where he is a Director. 

Mark Cook is a Reservoir Engineer and Petroleum Economist. He has worked on international assignments mainly in Tanzania, Oman, the Netherlands and the UK. His main focus is in economic evaluation of field development projects, risk analysis, reservoir management and simulation. After 11 years with a multinational company he co-founded TRACS International of which he is Technical Director. 

Mark Graham has worked for 14 years with major international service and oil companies in Egypt, Dubai, Brunei, the Netherlands and the UK, prior to co-founding TRACS International. His areas of expertise include petrophysics and asset evaluation. He is Director of the training division of TRACS International and is also responsible for all TRACS projects in the FSU. 

P.P. van t Veen, J. Jarmulak- TNO Inst, of Applied Physics, The Netherlands... 

Fig. XVII-27. Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K for a series of M41S materials. Average pore diameters squares, 25 A triangles, 40 A circles, 45 A. Adsorption solid symbols desorption open symbols. The isotherms are normalized to the volume adsorbed at Pj = 0.9. (From Ref. 187. Reprinted with kind permission from Elsevier Science-NL, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, 1055 KV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)...

Mirsky K 1978 The determination of the intermolecular interaction energy by empirical methods Computing in Crystaiiography ed R Schenk ef a/(Delft, The Netherlands Delft University) p 169... 

BIOSON Research Institute and Dept of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands... 

R. W. Pastor. Techniques and applications of Langevin dynamics simulations. In G. R. Luckhurst and C. A. Veracini, editors. The Molecular Dynamics of Liquid Crystals, pages 85-138. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1994. 

F. Kang. The Hamiltonian way for computing Hamiltonian dynamics. In R. Spigler, editor. Applied and Industrial Mathematics, pages 17-35. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1990. 

E. Barth, M. Mandziuk, and T. Schlick. A separating framework for increasing the timestep in molecular dynamics. In W. F. van Gunsteren, P. K. Weiner, and A. J. Wilkinson, editors. Computer Simulation of Biomolecular Systems Theoretical and Experimental Applications, volume III, chapter 4, pages 97-121. ESCOM, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1997. 

The work presented in this paper was the result of the joint effort with the following colleagues. For the simulations on catalysis Simonetta larlori (IBM Italy), Franco Buda (Scuola NormaJe Superiore, Pisa, Italy) and Gerard van Doremaele (DSM Research) were involved. For the work on polyethylene the simulations were performed by Joost Hageman, with help from Martina Heinemann and Rob de Groot (all University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands). 

W. F. van Gunsteren, H.J.C. Berend-sen, Groningen Molecular Simulation (CROMOS) Library Manual, Biomos, Nijenborgh 16, Groningen, The Netherlands, 1987. 

The research for this thesis was carried out in connection with NIOK, the Netherlands Institute for Catalysis Research and supported by the Department of Economic Affairs. 

We are indebted to BASF (Arnhem, The Netherlands) for kindly supplying this compound. 

Water Groundwater can be treated in anaerobic bioreactors that encourage the growth of sulfate reducing bacteria, where the metals are reduced to insoluble sulfides, and concentrated in the sludge. For example, such a system is in use to decontaminate a zinc smelter site in the Netherlands (95). 

C. F. Poole and S. K. Poole, Chromatography Today, Elsevier Science PubHshers B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991. 

H. Kubinyi, eds., 3-D QSMR in Drug Design Theory, Methods and Applications, ESCOM Science Pubhshers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1993. 

W. E. van Gunsteren and P. K. Weiner, eds.. Computer Simulations ofBiomolecular Systems Theoretical and Experimental Applications, ESCOM, Leiden, the Netherlands, 1989. 

Jonckers, V. Mermen, J. Meesen, and W. Lemmen, Stamicarhon Neu> Process Urea 2000 and Stamicarhon, WastewaterProcess, Stamicarbon AB Geleen, The Netherlands, Feb. 1997. 

R. Moothouse, in M. Yalpani, ed.. Industrial Polysaccharides Genetic Engineering, Structure Property delations and Applications, Elsevier Science PubHshets BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1987. 

J. A. Wessehngh and R. Krishna, Elements of Mass Transfer, Technical University Delft, Delft, the Netherlands, 1989. 

R. S. Dickson, Homogeneous Catalysis with Compounds of Rhodium and Iridium, Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1985. 

L. Brandsma, Preparativedeetylenie Chemisty, Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1971, pp. 166—168. 

J. V. D. Weide and W. A. Ramackers, "Development of Methanol and Petrol Carburation Systems in the Netherlands," 2ndlnt. Sjmp. onA.lcoholVuel Techno/og)/, (Wolfsburg, Germany, Nov. 21—23, 1977). 

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