The Netherlands samples

Figure 1 Distribution of sampling sites along two major estuarine areas in the Netherlands sample locations at Port of Rotterdam transect (Euromonding including the New Waterway shipping lane) and the Port of Amsterdam (IJmonding...

Reagents were obtained from Aldrich Chemicals, The Netherlands. Samples were used as supplied commercially without further purification. No matrix was... 

Fig. 2.1 Monazite, Iveland Setesdal, Norway. From the collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Sample RGM412064. Photograph Naturalis. Used with permission...

During the research process, X Pert PRO X-ray diffractometer has been used PANalitical, the Netherlands). Samples were measured in a spinning mode, in the 20 angle range from 20-90°, with a scanning step 0,0334°, with a CuKa radiation. Ratio of HAp/TCP is determined using a XRD semi-quantitative method after calibration line. 

P. M. Gy, Sampling of Particulate Materials Theory andPractice, 2nd ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1982. 

The environmental impact of PCNs has not been extensively investigated and PCNs are not routinely measured in analytical studies of extracts from environmental samples. However, PCNs have been identified in birds of prey in Britain (69) and The Netherlands (70), in a drainage ditch in Florida, and in sediments from San Francisco Bay (71). 

Other coal sample banks are also in existence. The Penn State Sample Bank at Peimsylvania State University has the most diverse collection of samples (86). The Illinois Basin Coal Sample Program at the Illinois State Geological Survey specializes in samples from the Illinois Basin (89). The European Center for Coal Specimens has a significant collection of samples from the entire world and is located in Eygelshoven in The Netherlands (88). Each makes samples available in kilogram quantities. 

SBN Sample Catalogue, European Center for Coal Specimens, Eygelshoven, The Netherlands, revisions issued periodically. 

In the Netherlands, milk from every farmer is tested twice a year for the extent of lipolysis, using the BDI method. However, the BDI method only detects long chain FFA, which does not induce off-flavor. On the other hand, headspace sampling does detect the short chain FFA. The aim of this study is to compare the BDI method to headspace sampling. 

Fig. 9-8 Histogram of dissolved solids of samples from the Orinoco and Amazon River basins and corresponding denudation rates for morpho-tectonic regions in the humid tropics of South America (Stal-lard, 1985). The approximate denudation scale is calculated as the product of dissolved solids concentrations, mean armual runoff (1 m/yr), and a correction factor to account for large ratios of suspended load in rivers that drain mountain belts and for the greater than average annual precipitation in the lowlands close to the equator. The correction factor was treated as a linear function of dissolved solids and ranged from 2 for the most dilute rivers (dissolved solids less than lOmg/L) to 4 for the most concentrated rivers (dissolved solids more than 1000 mg/L). Bedrock density is assumed to be 2.65 g/cm. (Reproduced with permission from R. F. Stallard (1988). Weathering and erosion in the humid tropics. In A. Lerman and M. Meybeck, Physical and Chemical Weathering in Geochemical Cycles," pp. 225-246, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.)...

The author would like to thank Mr. J.M. Beurtier and Mrs. 1. Le Blanc (CF Comma, Rennes, France) and Dr. G. Nijman (Vredestein AB, Enschede, the Netherlands), and their coworkers for kindly submitting the samples that were used in generating the results discussed in this chapter. 

Uronic acid content was determined as anhydro-uronic acid (AUA) by the automated colorimetric /n-hydroxydiphenyl assay [2,3,6] using an auto-analyser (Skalar Analytical BV, Breda, The Netherlands). Corrections were made for interference by neutral sugars present in the sample. 

According to this set of data, the workload in terms of the number of products submitted per person is highest in Cypms, where the size of the staff team is quite small, followed by Estonia. The lowest workload is in Australia and the Netherlands. The relatively low workload of the Australian TGAL staff is attributable to the large number of personnel, while in the Netherlands the low workload is accounted for by the small number of samples. In Venezuela, the number of samples submitted is eight times that in Australia, which has twice the number of staff. Figure 10.1 shows the workload of QC personnel in the 10 countries. 

Table 10.3 presents for each country, for the period 1994-97, the number of drug samples submitted for testing, samples tested and the failure rate in those tests. Data are available from all 10 countries on the total number of samples submitted and the number of samples tested, and these show that seven countries— Australia, Cypms, Estonia, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Venezuela and Zimbabwe — have been able to meet the demand for testing (92-100%). Uganda has a relatively low test rate of 56% for the submitted samples, followed by Cuba and Tunisia at 72% and 88%, respectively. The lack of certain equipment and materials, such as reference standards and reagents, constrains analysis in Cuba, Cyprus, Uganda and Zimbabwe. 

Each of the countries operates a quality analysis system for post-marketing control of drug quality, albeit with vast differences in capacity. Data on the outcome measure for drug quality— the number of dmg samples that failed quality tests compared with the total number of samples collected— are available in all the countries, except the Netherlands. Failure rates are high in some countries, e.g. Tunisia and Uganda. In Australia, high failure rates are found for herbal and other complementary products, compared with prescription dmgs. Empirical data on sanctions applied in such instances are not available. 

Wise SA (1993) Standard reference materials for the determination of trace organic constituents in environmental samples. In Barcelo D, ed. Environmental Analysis Techniques, Applications and Quality Assurance, pp 403-446. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Wise SA, and Schantz MM (1997) Standard reference materials for the determination of trace organic contaminants in environmental samples. In Clement R and Siu M, eds. Reference Materials for Environmental Analysis Making and Using Them, pp 143-186. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. 

A.A. Stolker, Current trends and development in sample preparation, in Proceedings of the EuroResidue IV Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands, pp. 148-158 (2000). 

False-positive results with bDNA have been observed with proficiency testing specimens for HTV-1 in the College of American Pathologists HIV-1 viral load survey and HCV in the viral quality control program administered by the Netherlands Red Cross. The reason for the false-positive results with these proficiency testing specimens is not known but may be sample matrix effects. The extent to which this problem occurs with clinical samples has not been determined. However, both the HIV-1 and HCV bDNA assays were designed to have a false-positive rate of 5%. 

HeLa cells were transfected using 1 /d lipofectamine (Invitrogen, Breda, The Netherlands), 0.5 fig plasmid DNA and 50 /d Opti-MEM per 35 mm dish holding a 24 mm 0 1 coverslip. Samples... 

Taylor M.T., Belgrader P., Joshi R., Kintz G.A., Northrup M.A., Fully automated sample preparation for pathogen detection performed in a microfluidic cassette. In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2000, Berg, A. van den, Olthuis, W., Bergveld, P., eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp 670-672, 2000. 

Figure 11.1 shows the pyrogram of lead white pigmented linseed oil paint obtained at 610 °C with a Curie-point pyrolyser, with on-line methylation using 2.5% methanolic TMAH. The pyrolyser was a Curie-point pyrolysis system FOM 5-LX, specifically developed at FOM Amolf Institute (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), to reduce cold spots to a minimum. This means that the sample can be flushed before pyrolysis in a cold zone, and it also ensures optimum pressure condition within the pyrolysis chamber, thus guaranteeing an efficient transport to the GC injection system [12]. 

Sample preconcentration was performed by means of an automated on-line SPE sample processor Prospekt-2 (Spark Holland, Emmen, The Netherlands). Oasis HLB cartridges (Waters, Barcelona, Spain) were used to preconcentrate cannabi-noids present in the water samples whereas isolation of the rest of the compounds was done in PLRPs cartridges (Spark Holland). Before extraction, influent samples were diluted with HPLC water (1 9, v/v) to reduce matrix interferences and to fit some analyte concentrations, e.g., cocaine (CO) and benzoylecgonine (BE), within the linear calibration range. A sample volume of 5 mL was spiked with the internal standard mixture (at 20 ng/L) in order to correct for potential losses during the analytical procedure, as well as for matrix effects. Elution of the analytes to the LC system was done with the chromatographic mobile phase. 

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