The hippocampal formation

Based on the following data it may be concluded that Asp is a transmitter candidate in the hippocampal formation at excitatory nerve terminals of the Schaffer collateral-commissural projection. 

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The hippocampus, which got its name from the Greek word for seahorse, due to its form, is a nucleus in the depth of the temporal lobe. The hippocampus is important for the integration of sensory information, for spatial orientation and for memory formation. The hippocampal formation contains the CA (cornu ammonis) regions, the dentate gyms and the subiculum. 

Sa Ml, Madeira MD, Ruela C, Volk B, Mota-Miranda A, Paula-Barbosa MM (2004) Dendritic changes in the hippocampal formation of AIDS patients a quantitative Golgi study. Acta Neuropathol 107(2) 97-110... 

Isaacson LG, Taylor DH. 1989. Maternal exposure to 1,1,2-trichloroethylene affects myelin in the hippocampal formation of the developing rat. Brain Res 488 403-407. 

Kohler, C., and Steinbusch. H.W.M. Identification of serotonin and non-serotonin-containing neurons of the mid-brain raphe projecting to the entorhinal area and the hippocampal formation. A combined immunohistochemical and fluorescent retrograde tracing study in the rat brain. Neuroscience 7 951-975. 1982. 

Herman, J., Patel, P., Akil, H. and Watson, S. Localization and regulation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor messenger RNAs in the hippocampal formation of the rat. Mol. Endocrinol. 3 1886-1894,1989. 

Hyman, B. T.,VanHoesen,G. W.,Damasio,A. R. and Barnes, C. L. Alzheimer s disease cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation. Science 225 1168-1170,1984. 

Some intracellular signal transduction molecules are reduced in schizophrenia. The release of neurotransmitters is regulated by a family of proteins that coordinate vesicular trafficking (see Ch. 9). Of these, the expression of complexin I and II appears to be decreased in prefrontal cortex and subfields of the hippocampal formation, and the ratio of complexin I to complexin II is elevated in the hippocampus [35], SNAP-25 (Synaptosomal Associated Protein, kDa 25) has inconsistently been found to be down-regulated in both these regions. Synapsin expression is also reduced, but more robust decrements have been observed in bipolar disorder (Ch. 55). 

Lee TH, Kato H, Pan LH, Ryu JH, Kogure K, Itoyama Y. 1998. Localization of nerve growth factor, trkA and P75 immu-noreactivity in the hippocampal formation and basal forebrain of adult rats. Neuroscience 83 335-349. 

Temporal lobe brain structures, in particular the hippocampal formation, appear to play a pivotal yet transient role in the formation of new explicit memories. This chapter focuses on possible neurochemical mechanisms underlying the encoding of new information in the hippocampus and the modulation of memory function by different neurotransmitter systems in the brain. 

Gould, E., Beylin, A., Tanapat, P., Reeves, A., Shors, T.J. (1999) Learning enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation. Nat Neurosci 2, 260-5. 

Kerwin R., Patel S., and Meldrum B. (1990). Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of glutamate binding sites in the hippocampal formation in normal and schizophrenic brain post mortem. Neuroscience 39 25-32. 

Dietrich, A. et al., The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761) on gliotic reactions in the hippocampal formation after unilateral entorhinal cortex lesions, Restorative Neurol. Neurosci., 16, 87-96, 2000. 

Delacourte A, Sergeant N, Wattez A, etal. Tau aggregation in the hippocampal formation An ageing or a pathological process Exp Gerontol 2002 37(10-11) 1291 1296. 

The hippocampal formation includes DG, the hippocampus proper including CA1 -CA4 sectors (Lorente de No 1934) and the subiculum (van Hoesen 1982). Based on previous publications on postischemic cell proliferation in the rodent brain (e.g., Liu et al. 1998 Nakatomi et al. 2002), at first we focused our attention on DG and hippocampus proper. 

In IT the pattern of BrdU+ cell distribution in control and postischemic brains followed that in the hippocampal formation. The quantity of the BrdU+ on postischemic day 4 did not show differences compared to the control. However, from postischemic day 9, numerous BrdU+ cells were observed in both gray and white matter of IT (Fig. 31). Statistical analysis confirmed the significant increase of BrdU+ cells in the second postischemic week in both gray and white matter of IT... 

Rempel-ClowerNL,ZolaSM, Squire LR, Amaral DG (1996) Three cases of enduring memory impairment after bilateral damage limited to the hippocampal formation. J Neurosci 16 5233-5255... 

Fig. 8.1. rAAV2/l and rAAV2/5 transduce the HPC more efficiently than rAAV2/2. (A-C), Green shows GFP fluorescence red is NeuN immunoreac-tivity, which labels the neuronal cell bodies in the hippocampal formation. Yellow represents the merge of neuron-specific staining (red) and GFP (green)... 

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